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      Taquicardia supraventricular en pediatría: Presentación clínica y manejo. Experiencia del servicio de cardiología hospital de Niños JM de los Ríos. Caracas, Venezuela. 2001-2011

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          Abstract

          Introducción: La taquicardia paroxística supraventricular (TPSV) representa la segunda causa más frecuente de arritmias en pediatría (1). Objetivos 1. Determinar las características clínicas y el tratamiento en la emergencia. 2. Evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento y los fármacos utilizados. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de 69 casos con ingreso en el Servicio de Cardiología del Hospital de niños JM de los Ríos de 2001-2011. Criterio de Ingreso: pacientes con Diagnóstico de TPSV que ingresaron a la emergencia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 69 pacientes. Edad promedio: 5,9 años (DE ± 3,5). Dos con antecedentes de Cardiopatía Congénita (2,9 %). La frecuencia cardíaca media fue de 284 lat./min (DE ± 30,66). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue TPSV por reentrada, en 35 pacientes (51%); el resto de los pacientes presentaron Wolff Parkinson White (WPW). Cinco pacientes respondieron a maniobras vagales. El tratamiento de elección en la crisis aguda fue Adenosina, y en casos de fallar el tratamiento inicial y de inestabilidad hemodinámica se utilizó la cardioversión eléctrica (16 pacientes). Para mantenimiento se indicó: Betabloqueantes y Amiodarona siendo efectivos (60,8%). Cuatro pacientes necesitaron ablación por radiofrecuencia (1 paciente presentó recaída posterior al tratamiento). Conclusiones: La presentación clínica de la TPSV varía con la edad. La mayoría de pacientes respondieron al tratamiento con adenosina. El tratamiento de mantenimiento con Betabloqueantes y Amiodarona es efectivo.

          Translated abstract

          Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is the most common pediatric arrhythmia. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical features and treatment of PSVT in the emergency room and to evaluate the response to treatment and drugs employed. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 69 children admitted to the cardiology department of the Children's Hospital JM de los Rios from 2001 to 2011. Inclusion criteria: patients diagnosed with PSVT who were admitted to the emergency room. Results: 69 patients. Mean age: 5.9 years (SD ± 3.5). Two had a history of congenital heart disease (2.9%). The average heart rate was 284 beats / min (SD ± 30.66). The most frequent diagnosis was reentrant SVT, 35 patients (51%); the rest corresponded to Wolf Parkinson White syndrome. Five patients responded to vagal maneuvers. The treatment of choice in the acute crisis was adenosine. Electrical cardioversion was utilized in cases of initial treatment failure and hemodynamic inestability (16 patients). Maintenance treatment with beta-blockers and amiodarone was indicated in most cases (60.8%) with an effective response. Four patients required ablation, one of them relapsed. Conclusions: 1. clinical presentation of PSVT varies with age. 2. most patients responded to treatment with adenosine. 3. maintenance therapy with beta blockers and amiodarone is effective.

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          Clinical course of atrial ectopic tachycardia is age-dependent: results and treatment in children < 3 or > or =3 years of age.

          We assessed the clinical presentation, natural history, and treatment response of atrial ectopic tachycardia (AET) in children or =3 years of age (group 2). Atrial ectopic tachycardia is a common cause of chronic supraventricular tachycardia in children and can be resistant to pharmacologic therapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can eliminate AET arising from a single focus. A retrospective review identified all children at Texas Children's Hospital diagnosed with AET from March 1991 to November 2000. Data obtained included clinical presentation, echocardiographic evaluation, response to antiarrhythmic therapy, spontaneous resolution, and outcomes of radiofrequency and surgical ablation. Sixty-eight children were identified (22 children or =3 years of age). Control of AET with antiarrhythmic therapy was achieved in 91% of the younger children but only 37% of the older children (p or =3 years, AET is unlikely to resolve spontaneously, and antiarrhythmic medications are frequently ineffective. Thus, RFA should be considered early in the course of treatment for these children; however, surgical intervention may be necessary.
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            Impact of a modified Valsalva manoeuvre in the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.

            Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a relatively common problem presented to the emergency department. Most sources advocate the use of vagal manoeuvres as first-line management, including Valsalva manoeuvre. Despite this, there is lack of standardisation as to how the technique is performed. There is currently no 'gold standard' Valsalva manoeuvre. We propose a modified Valsalva manoeuvre, based on techniques described in small-scale electrophysiological studies, but no large clinical trials.
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              Supraventricular tachycardia: an incidental diagnosis in infants and difficult to prove in children.

              To determine (a) the age distribution at first clinical supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) presentation; (b) the time interval between first clinical suspicion and electrocardiographic proof of SVT; c) the most indicative symptoms and signs of SVT; and (d) the SVT mechanism and its age distribution according to surface ECG. The records of 55 children (32 males and 23 females) with electrocardiographically proven SVT but without congenital heart disease were reviewed. At diagnosis, 27 patients (49%) were younger than 1 y (infants), and 28 (51%) were older than 1 y (children). Only a quarter of infants presented with symptoms. The majority (20/27), however, were detected during routine investigation without having any complaints. Children presented with symptoms (mostly palpitations) in almost 90% of cases. Despite these symptoms, the median time interval between first clinical presentation suggestive of SVT and electrocardiographic proof of SVT was 138 d. Using surface ECG, we were unable to show any age-dependency of the SVT mechanism in our study group. In infants SVT is a chance finding; SVT can only be proven electrocardiographically with a median delay of 138 d, despite the presence of symptoms; SVT using a (concealed) accessory pathway is the most common mechanism.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                avpp
                Archivos Venezolanos de Puericultura y Pediatría
                Arch Venez Puer Ped
                Sociedad Venezolana de Puericultura y Pediatría (Caracas )
                0004-0649
                December 2011
                : 74
                : 4
                : 143-150
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital de Niños J.M. de los Ríos Venezuela
                [2 ] Hospital Domingo Luciani Venezuela
                Article
                S0004-06492011000400004
                b044efcc-4879-4ee6-a8b4-903890ce9eb4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-0649&lng=en
                Categories
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
                HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics,Health & Social care,Public health
                Paroxysmal supraventricular tachicardia (PSVT),Cardiología pediátrica,Taquicardia supraventricular,Arrhythmia,Arritmia

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