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      Reliability and Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Italian Subjects with Parkinson's Disease

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is commonly used to assess depressive symptoms, but its psychometric properties have never been examined in Italian people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to study the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the GDS in a sample of PD patients.

          Methods

          The GDS was administered to 74 patients with PD in order to study its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, and discriminant validity.

          Results

          The internal consistency of GDS was excellent ( α = 0.903), as well as the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.941 [95% CI: 0.886–0.970]). GDS showed a strong correlation with instruments related to the depression ( ρ = 0.880) in PD ( ρ = 0.712) and a weak correlation with generic measurement instruments (−0.320 <  ρ <−0.217). An area under the curve of 0.892 (95% CI 0.809–0.975) indicated a moderate capability to discriminate depressed patients to nondepressed patient, with a cutoff value between 15 and 16 points that predicts depression (sensitivity = 87%; specificity = 82%).

          Conclusion

          The GDS is a reliable and valid tool in a sample of Italian PD subjects; this scale can be used in clinical and research contexts.

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          Most cited references32

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          The Italian SF-36 Health Survey: translation, validation and norming.

          G Apolone, P. Mosconi (1998)
          This article reports on the development and validation of the Italian SF-36 Health Survey using data from seven studies in which an Italian version of the SF-36 was administered to more than 7000 subjects between 1991 and 1995. Empirical findings from a wide array of studies and diseases indicate that the performance of the questionnaire improved as the Italian translation was revised and that it met the standards suggested by the literature in terms of feasibility, psychometric tests, and interpretability. This generally satisfactory picture strengthens the idea that the Italian SF-36 is as valid and reliable as the original instrument and applicable and valid across age, gender, and disease. Empirical evidence from a cross-sectional survey carried out to norm the final version in a representative sample of 2031 individuals confirms the questionnaire's characteristics in terms of hypothesized constructs and psychometric behavior and gives a better picture of its external validity (i.e., robustness and generalizability) when administered in settings that are very close to real world.
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            The Italian SF-36 Health Survey

            Paola Mosconi, Giovanni Apolone (1998)
            Article 0 comments Cited 73 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Clinical validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): Chinese version.

              Godfrey Chan (1996)
              This study has attempted to validate the Geriatric Depression Scale translated version (Chinese) with a psychiatric outpatient sample (N = 461) of males and females aged 60 or above, from 10 government-maintained psychiatric outpatient clinics between January 1992 and February 1993. Reliabilities and validities were exceptional. Internal consistency reliability was .89 (alpha), and the test-retest reliability was .85 (alpha). Criterion-related (psychiatrist diagnosis) validity was good at .95, and concurrent validity (with CES-D) was .96. Item analysis also confirmed consistency--all 30 items were significantly correlated with the full GDS. However, its sensitivity (70.6%), specificity (70.1%), false negatives (29.4%), and false positives (29.9%), though acceptable, were not as impressive. The overall result has shown that the GDS is generally applicable to the Chinese elderly population and is good for measuring depressive symptoms. The scale can be easily applied in the community by health care professionals. However, further follow-up studies are recommended.
              Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Giovanni Galeoto:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-5686
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parkinsons Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): PD
                Title: Parkinson's Disease
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-8083
                ISSN (Electronic): 2042-0080
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 1 August 2018
                Volume: 2018
                Electronic Location Identifier: 7347859
                Affiliations
                1Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                2Department of Public Health and Infection Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                3Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                4IRCSS Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Aristide Merola

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-4057
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-4513
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7614-8771
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9043-5686
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2018/7347859
                PMC ID: 6093010
                PubMed ID: 30155239
                SO-VID: b0cf6bc8-733c-4c45-92b2-2ae91fe2f169
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Perla Massai et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 9 May 2018
                Date revision received : 27 June 2018
                Date accepted : 11 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology

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