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      Componentes fisiológicos y numéricos del rendimiento en canola afectados por la densidad y sistema de siembra Translated title: Physiological and numerical components of canola yield affected by density and sowing system

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          Abstract

          Resumen En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los componentes fisiológicos y numéricos del rendimiento en canola afectados por la densidad y sistema de siembra. Se evaluaron dos genotipos primaverales de canola: Hyola 61 (híbrido) y Bioaureo 2486 (polinización abierta) bajo tres densidades 50, 75 y 90 semillas m-2), durante el ciclo invierno-primavera 2019-2020. Los tratamientos se establecieron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, en cada uno de los dos sistemas SCP (sistema cama plana) y SCDH (sistema cama doble hilera) que fueron considerados como ambientes. El SCP presentó en promedio el mayor rendimiento (4.9 t ha-1). Los cambios en el rendimiento de semilla estuvieron asociados a una mayor producción de biomasa a madurez. Bioaureo 2486 superó en 7% el número de semillas obtenido por Hyola 61 en la densidad de 90 plantas m-2. El número de semillas por m2 estuvo asociado positivamente con el número de silicuas por m2. Sin embargo, el aumento en la densidad de plantas disminuyó el número de ramas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In the present work, the physiological and numerical components of canola yield affected by density and sowing system were evaluated. Two spring canola genotypes were evaluated: Hyola 61 (hybrid) and Bioaureo 2486 (open pollination) under three densities (50, 75 and 90 seeds m-2), during the 2019-2020 winter-spring cycle. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, in each of the two systems, FBS (flat bed system) and DRBS (double-row bed system), that were considered as environments. The FBS presented the highest yield (4.9 t ha-1) on average. Changes in seed yield were associated with a higher biomass production at maturity. Bioaureo 2486 exceeded by 7% the number of seeds obtained by Hyola 61 in the density of 90 plants m-2. The number of seeds per m2 was positively associated with the number of siliques per m2. However, the increase in plant density decreased the number of branches.

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          Analysis of Long Term Study Indicates Both Agronomic Optimal Plant Density and Increase Maize Yield per Plant Contributed to Yield Gain

          Concurrent to yield, maize (Zea Mays L.) plant density has significantly increased over the years. Unlike yield, however, the rate of change in plant density and its contribution to maize yield gain are rarely reported. The main objectives of this study were to examine the trend in the agronomic optimum plant density (AOPD) and quantify the contribution of plant density to yield gain. Maize hybrid by seeding rate trials were conducted from 1987–2016 across North America (187,662 data points). Mixed model, response surface, and simple linear regression analyses were applied on the meta-data. New outcomes from this analysis are: (i) an increase in the AOPD at rate of 700 plant ha−1 yr−1, (ii) increase in the AOPD of 1386, 580 and 404 plants ha−1 yr−1 for very high yielding (VHY, > 13 Mg ha−1), high yielding (HY, 10–13 Mg ha−1) and medium yielding (MY, 7–10 Mg ha−1), respectively, with a lack of change for the low yielding (LY, < 7 Mg ha−1) environment; (iii) plant density contribution to maize yield gain ranged from 8.5% to 17%, and (iv) yield improvement was partially explained by changes in the AOPD but we also identified positive impacts on yield components as other sources for yield gain.
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            Food security: increasing yield and improving resource use efficiency.

            Food production and security will be a major issue for supplying an increasing world population. The problem will almost certainly be exacerbated by climate change. There is a projected need to double food production by 2050. In recent times, the trend has been for incremental modest yield increases for most crops. There is an urgent need to develop integrated and sustainable approaches that will significantly increase both production per unit land area and the resource use efficiency of crops. This review considers some key processes involved in plant growth and development with some examples of ways in which molecular technology, plant breeding and genetics may increase the yield and resource use efficiency of wheat. The successful application of biotechnology to breeding is essential to provide the major increases in production required. However, each crop and each specific agricultural situation presents specific requirements and targets for optimisation. Some increases in production will come about as new varieties are developed which are able to produce satisfactory crops on marginal land presently not considered appropriate for arable crops. Other new varieties will be developed to increase both yield and resource use efficiency on the best land.
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              Differences in yield, biomass and their components between triticale and wheat grown under contrasting water and nitrogen environments

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                June 2022
                : 13
                : 4
                : 661-673
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Mexico cgmartinezr@ 123456uaemex.mx
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales Mexico koetesfwck@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S2007-09342022000400661 S2007-0934(22)01300400661
                10.29312/remexca.v13i4.2927
                b1a5bd2c-7adb-47ec-8951-8ee54fbb03ae

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 January 2022
                : 01 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                número de semillas,densidad de población,biomasa,Brassica napus L.,population density,number of seeds,biomass

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