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      Use of coffee (Coffea arabica) pulp for the production of briquettes and pellets for heat generation Translated title: Uso de pulpa de café (Coffea arabica) para a fabricação de briquetes e pellets para geração de calor

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          Abstract

          Coffee bean (Coffea arabica) processing generates high amount of residues that are sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, an appropriate solution is needed. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of coffee pulp to produce briquettes and pellets. The study included pulp drying (using air, solar and hot air methods); the production of briquettes and pellets; the evaluation of their energy, physical and mechanical properties; and the evaluation of pellet quality using X-ray densitometry. The results showed that the pulp presented an initial moisture content of 90%, resulting in drying times of 699, 308 and 55 hours for air, solar and hot air drying, respectively, and the calorific values of the pellets and briquettes were 12,501 kJ kg-1 and 11,591 kJ kg-1, respectively. The ash content was 8.68% for the briquettes and 6.74% for the pellets. The density of the briquettes was 1,110 kg m-3, compared with 1,300 kg m-3 for the pellets. The apparent densities were 1,000 kg m-3 and 600 kg m-3 for the briquettes and pellets, respectively, and the water absorptions by the briquettes were 7.90% and 8.10% by the pellets. The maximum horizontal compression effort was 26.86 kg cm-2, measured in the pellets, compared with 4.52 kg cm-2 in the briquettes. The maximum horizontal load was 93.24 kg, measured in the briquettes, compared with 33.50 kg in the pellets. The value of the pellet durability test was 75.54%. X-ray densitometry showed that the pellet was uniform and a few cracks were observed on the pellet surface.

          Translated abstract

          No processamento dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica) ocorre o problema de geração de grandes quantidades de resíduos não utilizados pela indústria, tornando-se uma fonte de poluição ambiental. Portanto, é necessária a busca de soluções para atender a este problema de geração de resíduos. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a possibilidade de utilização da polpa dos grãos de café processados para a fabricação de briquetes e pellets. A pesquisa compreendeu a secagem da polpa dos grãos de café (pelo meio do ar, solar e ar aquecido); a manufatura de briquetes e de pellets; a avaliação das suas propriedades como fonte de energia e propriedades físicas e mecânicas e a determinação da sua qualidade pela metodologia de densitometria de raios X. Os resultados mostraram que a umidade inicial da polpa de café foi de 90% e o tempo de secagem foi de 699, 308 e 55 horas no ar, secagem solar e por ar quente, respectivamente. O poder calórico foi de 12 501 kJ kg-1 e de 11 591 kJ kg-1 de pellets e de briquetes, respectivamente; o teor de cinzas foi de 8,68% e de 6,74% para os briquetes e os pellets, respectivamente. Em relação às propriedades físicas, a densidade dos briquetes foi de 1.110 kg m-3 e dos pellets de 1.300 kg m-3 a densidade aparente dos briquetes foi 1.000 kg m-3 e de 600 kg m-3 dos pellets e a absorção de água de 7,90% dos briquetes e 8,10% e dos pellets. Finalmente, o esforço de compressão horizontal máxima foi de 4,52 kg cm-2 para os briquetes e de 26,86 kg cm-2 para os pellets, a carga máxima horizontal foi 93,24 kg e de 33,50 kg para os briquetes e os pellets e de 75,54% para o teste de durabilidade dos pellets. A avaliação da qualidade dos pellets por densitometria de raios X mostrou que a sua homogeneidade, observando-se algumas fissuras ou fendas em sua superfície.

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          Most cited references30

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          Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass.

          The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary, if we are to achieve the changes required to address the impacts of global warming. Biomass is the most common form of renewable energy, widely used in the third world but until recently, less so in the Western world. Latterly much attention has been focused on identifying suitable biomass species, which can provide high-energy outputs, to replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources. The type of biomass required is largely determined by the energy conversion process and the form in which the energy is required. In the first of three papers, the background to biomass production (in a European climate) and plant properties is examined. In the second paper, energy conversion technologies are reviewed, with emphasis on the production of a gaseous fuel to supplement the gas derived from the landfilling of organic wastes (landfill gas) and used in gas engines to generate electricity. The potential of a restored landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown biomass versus waste-biomass. The third paper considers particular gasification technologies and their potential for biomass gasification.
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            Energy production from biomass (Part 2): Conversion technologies.

            The use of biomass to provide energy has been fundamental to the development of civilisation. In recent times pressures on the global environment have led to calls for an increased use of renewable energy sources, in lieu of fossil fuels. Biomass is one potential source of renewable energy and the conversion of plant material into a suitable form of energy, usually electricity or as a fuel for an internal combustion engine, can be achieved using a number of different routes, each with specific pros and cons. A brief review of the main conversion processes is presented, with specific regard to the production of a fuel suitable for spark ignition gas engines.
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              Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras )
                1981-1829
                October 2014
                : 38
                : 5
                : 461-470
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [2 ] Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                [3 ] Agrep Forestal S/A Costa Rica
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1413-70542014000500005
                10.1590/S1413-70542014000500005
                b1f5766f-8189-46e1-8699-da16da118687

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-7054&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Coffee residues,drying,coffee processing,biomass,bio-resources,Resíduos de café,secagem,processamento de café,biomassa,bio-recursos

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