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      Disentangling the effects of backward/forward associative strength and theme identifiability in false memory Translated title: Aislando el papel de la fuerza asociativa directa e inversa y la identificabilidad del tema sobre los recuerdos falsos

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Background: False memory has been extensively studied using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Despite the robustness of the effect, there is wide variability in the results, which is not fully understood. Method: Three experiments independently examined the role of backward associative strength (BAS), forward associative strength (FAS), and theme identifiability (ID) on false memories. In Experiment 1, lists varied in BAS while controlling FAS and ID. In Experiment 2, FAS was manipulated while BAS and ID were controlled. Finally, in Experiment 3, lists varied in ID while controlling BAS and FAS. Data was analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian analyses. Results: We found false memories in all three experiments. Specifically, false recognition was higher in high-BAS than in low-BAS lists in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, false recognition was higher in high-FAS than in low-FAS lists. In Experiment 3, false recognition was lower in high-ID than in low-ID lists. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both BAS and FAS-variables that promote error-inflating processes-and ID-which promotes error-editing processes-contribute independently to the production of false memories. Splitting apart the role of these variables helps to understand the variability of false memories and to extrapolate DRM tasks to explore other cognitive domains.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: Antecedentes: las memorias falsas se han estudiado ampliamente utilizando el paradigma Deese/Roediger-McDermott. A pesar de la robustez del efecto, existe una amplia variabilidad de resultados que todavía no se comprende completamente. Método: tres experimentos examinaron independientemente el papel de la fuerza asociativa inversa (BAS), fuerza asociativa directa (FAS) e identificabilidad del tema (ID) en el reconocimiento falso (RF). Primero, se manipuló el BAS mientras se controló FAS e ID (Experimento 1). Segundo, se manipuló el FAS mientras se controló BAS e ID (Experimento 2). Finalmente, se manipuló ID mientras se controló BAS y FAS (Experimento 3). Se utilizaron análisis frecuentistas y bayesianos. Resultados: el RF fue mayor en las listas de alto que bajo BAS (Experimento 1), y alto que bajo FAS (Experimento 2). En cambio, el RF fue menor en las listas de alto ID que bajo ID (Experimento 3). Conclusiones: tanto BAS como FAS, variables que promueven procesos de inflación del error, pero también ID, quien promueve procesos de edición del error, contribuyen de forma independiente a la producción de memorias falsas. Aislar el papel de estas variables ayuda a comprender la variabilidad de los falsos recuerdos y a extrapolar las tareas DRM para explorar otros dominios cognitivos.

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          Most cited references64

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          On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall.

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            Bayesian Versus Orthodox Statistics: Which Side Are You On?

            Researchers are often confused about what can be inferred from significance tests. One problem occurs when people apply Bayesian intuitions to significance testing-two approaches that must be firmly separated. This article presents some common situations in which the approaches come to different conclusions; you can see where your intuitions initially lie. The situations include multiple testing, deciding when to stop running participants, and when a theory was thought of relative to finding out results. The interpretation of nonsignificant results has also been persistently problematic in a way that Bayesian inference can clarify. The Bayesian and orthodox approaches are placed in the context of different notions of rationality, and I accuse myself and others as having been irrational in the way we have been using statistics on a key notion of rationality. The reader is shown how to apply Bayesian inference in practice, using free online software, to allow more coherent inferences from data.
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              Fuzzy-Trace Theory and False Memory

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                psicothema
                Psicothema
                Psicothema
                Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias (Oviedo, Asturias, Spain )
                0214-9915
                1886-144X
                2023
                : 35
                : 2
                : 178-188
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad del Rosario Colombia
                [1] Castilla y León orgnameUniversidad de Salamanca Spain
                Article
                S1886-144X2023000200008 S1886-144X(23)03500200008
                10.7334/psicothema2022.288
                37096412
                b226ff76-127b-41c5-a2c9-8ec1e1725735

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 July 2022
                : 17 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Spain

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                Articles

                fuerza asociativa directa,identificabilidad,Backward Associative Strength,DRM paradigm,False memory,fuerza asociativa inversa,paradigma DRM,memorias falsas,Theme Identifiability,Forward Associative Strength

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