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      Effects of calcium silicate on the protection of Brachiaria seeds against Sclerotium rolfsii Translated title: Efectos del silicato de calcio en la protección de las semillas de Brachiaria contra Sclerotium rolfsii

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          Abstract

          Sclerotium rolfsii, a widespread fungus in tropical and subtropical regions, is a phytopathogen that affects a large number of cultivated and wild plants-e.g. Brachiaria species-, causing plant damping-off events. Current disease control strategies include chemical treatment of seeds, genetic resistance and crop rotation. Compared to synthetic agrochemicals, silicon may induce plant resistance. This study examined the efficiency of calcium silicate in the coating of Brachiaria seeds on the incidence of the disease during plant germination and establishment. The experiment consisted of six Brachiaria brizantha seed-coating treatments involving different calcium silicate and sand proportions and two controls. The fungus was inoculated at three different times in relation to seed sowing: inoculation at sowing (IN0); inoculation 10 days after sowing (IN10); inoculation 20 days after sowing (IN20); and no inoculation (control). Radicle emergence, germination, abnormal seedlings, damped-off seedlings and dead seeds were evaluated. Increase in the germination rate of B. brizantha cv. MG5 seeds coated with calcium silicate was observed, which showed protective effect against the incidence of S. rolfsii, directly reflecting in lower damping- off percentages. The application of calcium silicate as coating provided protection to MG5 seeds and plants inoculated with S. rolfsii.

          Translated abstract

          El hongo Sclerotium rolfsii es un fitopatógeno distribuido en regiones tropicales y subtropicales que infecta una gran cantidad de plantas cultivadas y silvestres, entre ellas la brachiaria, causando el vuelco. Las estrategias actuales de control de enfermedades implican el tratamiento químico de semillas, la resistencia genética y la rotación de cultivos. En este trabajo se evaluó la eficiencia del silicato de calcio en el recubrimiento de semillas de brachiaria bajo la incidencia de la enfermedad durante la germinación y el establecimiento de la planta. El experimento consistió en seis tratamientos de recubrimiento de semillas de Brachiaria brizantha con diferentes proporciones de silicato de calcio/arena y dos controles. La inoculación del hongo ocurrió en tres momentos diferentes en relación con la siembra de semillas: inoculación junto con siembra (IN0); inoculación 10 días después de la siembra (IN10), inoculación 20 días después de la siembra (IN20) y control no inoculado. Se evaluó emisión de radícula, germinación, plántulas anormales, plántulas caídas y semillas muertas. Germinación de B. brizantha cv. MG5 recubierto con silicato cálcico, que tuvo un efecto protector sobre la incidencia de S. rolfsii, reflejando directamente el menor porcentaje de inclinación de la planta.

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          Most cited references27

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          Role of Silicon on Plant–Pathogen Interactions

          Although silicon (Si) is not recognized as an essential element for general higher plants, it has beneficial effects on the growth and production of a wide range of plant species. Si is known to effectively mitigate various environmental stresses and enhance plant resistance against both fungal and bacterial pathogens. In this review, the effects of Si on plant–pathogen interactions are analyzed, mainly on physical, biochemical, and molecular aspects. In most cases, the Si-induced biochemical/molecular resistance during plant–pathogen interactions were dominated as joint resistance, involving activating defense-related enzymes activates, stimulating antimicrobial compound production, regulating the complex network of signal pathways, and activating of the expression of defense-related genes. The most previous studies described an independent process, however, the whole plant resistances were rarely considered, especially the interaction of different process in higher plants. Si can act as a modulator influencing plant defense responses and interacting with key components of plant stress signaling systems leading to induced resistance. Priming of plant defense responses, alterations in phytohormone homeostasis, and networking by defense signaling components are all potential mechanisms involved in Si-triggered resistance responses. This review summarizes the roles of Si in plant–microbe interactions, evaluates the potential for improving plant resistance by modifying Si fertilizer inputs, and highlights future research concerning the role of Si in agriculture.
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            The Biology, Ecology, and Control of Sclerotium Rolfsii

            Z. Punja (1985)
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              Aplicação de silício em milho e feijão-de-corda sob estresse salino

              Apesar de não ser um nutriente essencial, o silício pode aumentar o potencial produtivo de algumas culturas e tem sido utilizado para atenuar os efeitos tóxicos do estresse salino. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silicato de sódio aplicado sob dois modos diferentes em plântulas de milho e feijão-de-corda submetidas à salinidade. Em casa de vegetação, as plântulas receberam uma dose de Na2SiO3 a 1 mM, via aplicação foliar ou diretamente na solução nutritiva, e foram cultivadas na presença ou ausência de NaCl a 100 mM, durante 15 dias. Foram avaliados a matéria seca de folhas, caules e raízes, a área foliar e o vazamento de eletrólitos em folhas e raízes. De modo geral, a salinidade reduziu a matéria seca das folhas, caules e raízes e aumentou o vazamento de eletrólitos nas folhas e raízes das plântulas. A aplicação de silício via solução nutritiva promoveu maiores valores em todos os parâmetros de crescimento e reduziu os danos de membrana no milho, mas isso não foi observado em feijão-de-corda. O silício atenuou os efeitos tóxicos do NaCl no crescimento das plântulas de milho, quando aplicado diretamente na solução nutritiva.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                refca
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo
                Rev. Fac. Cienc. Agrar., Univ. Nac. Cuyo
                Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Mendoza, , Argentina )
                1853-8665
                1853-8665
                December 2020
                : 52
                : 2
                : 289-300
                Affiliations
                [01] RJ orgnameUniversidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias Brasil
                Article
                S1853-86652020000200023 S1853-8665(20)05200200023
                b2a75812-1fce-4bcf-b2b2-c4211e3f0c95

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 April 2020
                : 13 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Silicon,Brachiaria brizantha,Silicio,Sclerotium rolfsii,Damping-off,Recubrimiento de semillas,Seed coating

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