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      Frecuencia y susceptibilidad antifúngica de Candida spp. (no C. albicans ) aislada de pacientes de unidades de cuidados críticos de un hospital de tercer nivel del norte del Perú Translated title: Frequency and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. (other than C. albicans ) isolated from patients admitted to critical care units of a third-level hospital in northern Peru

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia y susceptibilidad antifúngica de Candida spp. (no C. albicans) aisladas de muestras de pacientes en cuidados críticos de un hospital de tercer nivel del norte del Perú. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal entre febrero del 2018 y mayo del 2019 en 232 muestras de pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados críticos del Hospital Regional Lambayeque (HRL). Candida ssp. (no C. albicans) fue identificada mediante las pruebas fenotípicas. La susceptibilidad antifúngica al fluconazol y voriconazol se determinó según la interpretación de los puntos de corte del documento M44-A2 del CLSI (por sus siglas en inglés, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Resultados Se estudiaron 232 muestras. La frecuencia de Candida spp. (no C. albicans) fue de 19,82 % (46) y C. albicans de 11,20 % (26). Las especies de Candida spp. (no C. albicans) fueron las siguientes: Treintaiuna de C. tropicalis (67,39 %), ocho de C. glabrata (17,39 %), cinco de C. parapsilosis (10,86 %) y dos de C. krusei (4,34 %). Los pacientes en quienes se aisló Candida spp. (no C. albicans) se caracterizaron por ser, en su mayoría, mujeres (56,52 %), que previamente habían usado antimicrobianos (67,39 %), y de 60 años a más (36,95 %). La muestra en la que se aisló en microorganismo con mayor frecuencia fue la orina (45,65 %). Respecto a la susceptibilidad antifúngica de las especies de Candida spp. (no C. albicans), encontramos resistencia a fluconazol (19,56 %) y a voriconazol (21,73 %). Conclusiones La alta frecuencia y predominio de especies de Candida spp. (no C. albicans) en pacientes de unidades de cuidados críticos de un hospital de tercer nivel en Chiclayo, y la resistencia que muestran a la acción de fluconazol y voriconazol son características de gran importancia en la morbilidad y mortalidad en estos pacientes.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objective To determine the frequency and antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) isolated from samples of patients admitted to critical care units of a third-level hospital in northern Peru. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2018 and May 2019 in 232 samples of patients admitted to critical care units of the Hospital Regional Lambayeque (HRL). Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) were identified using phenotypic tests. The antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole was determined according to the epidemiological cut-off values of CLSI document M44-A2. Results Two hundred thirty-two (232) samples were analyzed. The frequency of Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) was 19.82 % (46/232) and C. albicans was 11.20 % (26/232). Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) were the following: C. tropicalis (67.39 %, 31/46), C. glabrata (17.39 %, 8/46), C. parapsilosis (10.86 %, 5/46) and C. krusei (4.34 %, 2/46). Patients from whom Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) were isolated were mostly females (56.52 %), had a history of antimicrobial drugs consumption (67.39 %) and were 60 years of age and older (36.95 %). Most microorganisms were isolated from urine samples (45.65 %). Regarding the antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp. (other than C. albicans), 19.56 % and 21.73 % were resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole, respectively. Conclusions The high incidence and prevalence of Candida spp. (other than C. albicans) in patients admitted to critical care units of a third-level hospital in Chiclayo, together with resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole, are significant in the morbidity and mortality of these patients.

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          Prognostic factors and historical trends in the epidemiology of candidemia in critically ill patients: an analysis of five multicenter studies sequentially conducted over a 9-year period

          Purpose To describe temporal trends in the epidemiology, clinical management and outcome of candidemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 1,392 episodes of candidemia in 647 adult ICU patients from 22 Brazilian hospitals. The characteristics of candidemia in these ICU patients were compared in two periods (2003–2007, period 1; 2008–2012, period 2), and the predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed. Results The proportion of patients who developed candidemia while in the ICU increased from 44 % in period 1 to 50.9 % in period 2 (p = 0.01). Prior exposure to fluconazole before candidemia (22.3 vs. 11.6 %, p < 0.001) and fungemia due to Candida glabrata (13.1 vs. 7.8 %, p = 0.03) were more frequent in period 2, as was the proportion of patients receiving an echinocandin as primary therapy (18.0 vs. 5.9 %, p < 0.001). The 30-day mortality rate decreased from 76.4 % in period 1 to 60.8 % in period 2 (p < 0.001). Predictors of 30-day mortality by multivariate analysis were older age, period 1, treatment with corticosteroids and higher APACHE II score, while treatment with an echinocandin were associated with a higher probability of survival. Conclusions We found a clear change in the epidemiology and clinical management of candidemia in ICU patients over the 9-year period of the study. The use of echinocandins as primary therapy for candidemia appears to be associated with better outcomes.
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            Nosocomial Candidiasis: Antifungal Stewardship and the Importance of Rapid Diagnosis.

            Candidemia and other forms of candidiasis are associated with considerable excess mortality and costs. Despite the addition of several new antifungal agents with improved spectrum and potency, the frequency of Candida infection and associated mortality have not decreased in the past two decades. The lack of rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests has led to considerable overuse of antifungal agents resulting in increased costs, selection pressure for resistance, unnecessary drug toxicity, and adverse drug interactions. Both the lack of timely diagnostic tests and emergence of antifungal resistance pose considerable problems for antifungal stewardship. Whereas antifungal stewardship with a focus on nosocomial candidiasis should be able to improve the administration of antifungal therapy in terms of drug selection, proper dose and duration, source control and de-escalation therapy, an important parameter, timeliness of antifungal therapy, remains a victim of slow and insensitive diagnostic tests. Fortunately, new proteomic and molecular diagnostic tools are improving the time to species identification and detection. In this review we will describe the potential impact that rapid diagnostic testing and antifungal stewardship can have on the management of nosocomial candidiasis.
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              Emergence of non- Candida albicans species: Epidemiology, phylogeny and fluconazole susceptibility profile

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                hm
                Horizonte Médico (Lima)
                Horiz. Med.
                Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Facultad de Medicina Humana (Lima, , Peru )
                1727-558X
                October 2020
                : 20
                : 4
                : e1230
                Affiliations
                [4] Chiclayo Lambayeque orgnameUniversidad de San Martín de Porres orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Humana Peru
                [3] Lambayeque orgnameHospital Regional Lambayeque orgdiv1Laboratorio de Parasitología, Metaxénicas y Zoonosis Perú
                [2] Lambayeque orgnameHospital Regional Lambayeque orgdiv1Laboratorio de Micología Perú
                [1] Lambayeque orgnameUniversidad Nacional Pedro Ruíz Gallo orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Perú
                Article
                S1727-558X2020000400006 S1727-558X(20)02000400006
                10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n4.06
                b3406858-0d5c-4752-9aca-bfeed7d02e44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 April 2020
                : 04 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Candida parapsilosis,Candida tropicalis,Candida glabrata

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