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      Efecto de la endogamia sobre parámetros productivos en vacas Holstein y Jersey de Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Se realizó un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo en 208 148 registros de vacas Holstein y Jersey de 545 hatos lecheros especializados presentes en la Base Nacional de Datos VAMPP Bovino, del Centro Regional de Informática para la Producción Animal Sostenible (CRIPAS), de la Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional (EMV-UNA), período 1995-2010. Se analizó el efecto de la endogamia sobre la producción corregida a 305 días (PC305d) y la vida productiva -calculada según la fórmula USDA--, con regresión lineal múltiple, mediante un modelo mixto. Se usó como punto de corte, un valor de coeficiente de endogamia (F) de ≥6,25% para valores altos. Además, se estimó la posibilidad de que una vaca con F≥6,25% presente parámetros productivos bajos, mediante regresión logística no condicional. El análisis de supervivencia, mediante la distribución de Weibull, determinó el efecto de endogamia sobre la vida productiva. Se encontró un 17,9% de animales con endogamia, siendo la raza Holstein la de más animales consanguíneos, aunque la Jersey fue la que tuvo, en promedio, los niveles más elevados. Las vacas con baja endogamia produjeron +140,4 kg PC305d en relación con las que tienen niveles elevados (p<0,01). Las vacas con alta endogamia tuvieron más riesgo de PC305d <5000 kg (Jersey) y <6500 kg (Holstein) que las de baja endogamia (OR=1,3; IC95%: 1,2-1,4). Se observó, para las razas Holstein y Jersey, +10,3 meses y +19,3 meses de vida productiva (USDA) para los animales con F bajo. Se concluye que existe un efecto negativo de la consanguinidad elevada sobre la vida productiva (USDA) y sobre la PC305d de las vacas Holstein y Jersey en fincas lecheras de Costa Rica.

          Translated abstract

          Effect of inbreeding on productive parameters in Costa Rican Holstein and Jersey cows. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted with 208 148 records of Holstein and Jersey cows from 545 specialized dairy herds present in the VAMPP Bovino National Data Base, of the Regional Center of Informatics for Sustainable Animal Production (CRIPAS), School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, from 1995 to 2010. The effect of inbreeding on the 305-day-corrected milk yield (PC305d) and productive life--calculated according to the USDA formula--, was analyzed by multiple linear regression, using a mixed model. A cut-off point value of ≥6.25% for the coefficient of inbreeding (F) was used to delimit high F levels. In addition, the possibility for a cow with F≥6.25% having low productive parameters was calculated by non conditional logistic regression. The survival analysis, using the Weibull distribution, was used to determine the effect of inbreeding on the productive life. A 17.9% of animals with inbreeding was found, being Holstein the race with more inbred cows, although Jersey had, on the average, the highest inbreeding levels. Cow with low F produced +140.4 kg PC305d compared to those having elevated F levels (p<0.01). Cows with high F had increased risk of PC305d <5000 kg (Jersey) and <6500 kg (Holstein) than those with low inbreeding coefficient (OR=1.3; IC95%: 1.2-1.4). It was observed, +10.3 months and +19.3 months of productive life (USDA) for Holstein and Jersey cows with low inbreeding coefficient. We conclude that there is a negative effect of elevated inbreeding coefficient on the productive life (USDA) and the PC305d of Holstein and Jersey cows in Costa Rican dairy farms.

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          Most cited references41

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          Coefficients of Inbreeding and Relationship

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            Ecología basada en zonas de vida.

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              The effects of inbreeding on the lifetime performance of dairy cattle.

              The effects of inbreeding on the lifetime performance of dairy cattle were examined using data for production, somatic cell score, and linear type for all Holstein cows that were scored between 1983 and 1993. The results of fixed and mixed animal models differed. Relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost for the 2,610,123 cows with an 84-mo opportunity for herdlife was depressed by $14.79 for fluid market pricing and by $12.40 for manufacturing pricing per 1% increase in inbreeding. Mixed model estimates of depression per 1% of increase in inbreeding were +0.55 d for age at first calving, -6 d for days of productive life, and -4.8 for days in milk. Inbreeding decreased the mature equivalent production of milk, fat, and protein during first lactation by 27, 0.9, and 0.8 kg and the lifetime production of milk, fat, and protein by 177, 6.0, and 5.5 kg, respectively, per 1% increase in inbreeding. Inbreeding had little effect on conformation traits. The effects of inbreeding were cumulative, and effects on lifetime profit functions were relatively larger than the effects on lactation traits. Registered cows had higher levels of inbreeding and larger standard deviations than did grade cows. Inbreeding in registered cows depressed relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost for fluid and manufacturing prices by $24.43 and $21.78, respectively; income was depressed $9.43 and $9.02, respectively, for grade cows. The difference between registered and grade cattle is likely due to the incomplete pedigree information in grade animals. Inbreeding among cows in this study was not high on average, but economic losses represented a significant cost to the producer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ac
                Agronomía Costarricense
                Agron. Costarricense
                Universidad de Costa Rica. Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrónomos. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (San Pedro de Montes de Oca )
                0377-9424
                December 2013
                : 37
                : 2
                : 31-44
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Nacional Costa Rica
                [2 ] Universidad Nacional Costa Rica
                [3 ] Universidad Nacional Costa Rica
                Article
                S0377-94242013000200003
                b3a069c9-3385-4e57-8567-66538eab7e7f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0377-9424&lng=en

                Inbreeding,305 day milk yield,dairy cattle,Costa Rica,Consanguinidad,producción 305 días,ganado lechero

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