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      Caracterización epidemiológica de los nuevos diagnósticos de infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en Chile período 2010-2019 Translated title: Epidemiological characterization of the new diagnostics of human immunodeficiency virus in Chile from 2010-2019

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Chile lidera el porcentaje de aumento de nuevas infecciones de VIH en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Caracterizar los nuevos diagnósticos de infección por VIH/SIDA y describir la evolución de las tasas en las regiones durante el período 2010-2019. Métodos: Diseño ecológico. Se utilizó los casos de infección por VIH/SIDA obtenidos del ISP y las estimaciones de población del INE. Las variables fueron año, sexo, edad, nacionalidad y región. Se describió la muestra en número y porcentajes, se estimó la incidencia y se evaluó la tendencia con el modelo Prais Winsten. Se utilizó Stata V.14 y ArcGis versión 10 en los mapas. Resultados: El 84,3% (38.863/46.125) fueron hombres. La mediana de edad fue 30 y 34 años en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La incidencia aumentó hasta el año 2018, y presentó una leve disminución en el 2019. Las tasas aumentaron, en ambos sexos, en todas las edades y regiones. A diferencia de la población nacional, los casos en inmigrantes aumentaron y alcanzaron a 40% en el 2019, evidenciando un franco incremento en adultos jóvenes, con predominio de la nacionalidad venezolana 35,2% y haitiana 22%. La tendencia de las tasas mostró un aumento significativo en hombres y una distribución heterogénea en magnitud en todas las regiones. Conclusiones: Existen cambios en la epidemiología del VIH y especial vulnerabilidad en jóvenes, mujeres, inmigrantes y adultos mayores.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Chile leads the percentage increase of new HIV infections in Latin America. Aim: To characterize new diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and describe the rates evolution in the regions during the 2010-2019 period. Methods: Ecological design. The HIV/AIDS cases used were obtained from the ISP (Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile) and the population estimates from the INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas). The variables studied were year, sex, age, nationality, and region. The sample was described in numbers and percentages, then, the incidence was estimated and the trend was evaluated with the Prais Winsten model. Stata V.14 and ArcGis version 10 were used for the maps. Results: 84.3% (38,863/46,125) were men. The median for age were 30 and 34 years for men and women, respectively. The incidence increased until 2018 and showed a slight decrease in 2019. The rates increased for both sexes and all ages. Unlike the national population, immigrant’s cases increased and reached 40% in 2019, with a frank increase in young adults, with a predominance for Venezuelan (35,2) and Haitian (22%) nationals. According to region, all the samples showed a rate increase with a heterogeneous distribution in statistically significant magnitude in men. Conclusions: There are changes in the epidemiology of HIV and special vulnerability in young people, women, immigrants and the elderly.

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          HIV diagnoses in migrant populations in Australia—A changing epidemiology

          Introduction We conducted a detailed analysis of trends in new HIV diagnoses in Australia by country of birth, to understand any changes in epidemiology, relationship to migration patterns and implications for public health programs. Methods Poisson regression analyses were performed, comparing the age-standardised HIV diagnosis rates per 100,000 estimated resident population between 2006–2010 and 2011–2015 by region of birth, with stratification by exposure (male-to-male sex, heterosexual sex–males and females). Correlation between the number of permanent and long-term arrivals was also explored using linear regression models. Results Between 2006 and 2015, there were 6,741 new HIV diagnoses attributed to male-to-male sex and 2,093 attributed to heterosexual sex, with the proportion of diagnoses attributed to male-to-male sex who were Australian-born decreasing from 72.5% to 66.5%. Compared with 2006–2010, the average annual HIV diagnosis rate per 100,000 in 2011–15 attributed to male-to-male sex was significantly higher in men born in South-East Asia (summary rate ratio (SRR) = 1.37, p = 0.001), North-East Asia (SRR = 2.18, p<0.001) and the Americas (SRR = 1.37, p = 0.025), but significantly lower as a result of heterosexual sex in men born in South-East Asia (SRR = 0.49, p = 0.002), Southern and Central Asia (SRR = 0.50, p = 0.014) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SRR = 0.39, p<0.001) and women born in South-East Asia (SRR = 0.61, p = 0.002) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SRR = 0.61, p<0.001). Positive associations were observed between the number of permanent and long-term arrivals and HIV diagnoses particularly in relation to diagnoses associated with male-to-male sex in men from North Africa and the Middle East, North Asia, Southern and Central Asia and the Americas. Conclusion The epidemiology of HIV in Australia is changing, with an increase in HIV diagnosis rates attributed to male-to-male sex amongst men born in Asia and the Americas. Tailored strategies must be developed to increase access to, and uptake of, prevention, testing and treatment in this group.
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            The HIV epidemic in Colombia: spatial and temporal trends analysis

            Background Colombia has the fourth highest incidence rate of HIV/AIDS among all Latin American countries and it has been increasing since the 1980s. However, the number of studies that addresses this trend is limited. Here, we employed spatial and temporal trend analyses to study the behaviour of the epidemic in the Colombian territory. Methods Our sample included 72,994 cases of HIV/AIDS and 21,898 AIDS-related deaths reported to the National Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2016. We employed the joinpoint regression model to analyse the annual HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality rates. In the spatial analysis, we used univariate autocorrelation techniques and the Kernel density estimator. Results While the HIV/AIDS incidence had an increasing trend in Colombia, the AIDS mortality rate was stable. HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality showed a downward trend in the 0–14 age group. An upward trend was observed for HIV/AIDS incidence in people older than 15 years and with the highest trend in the 65 years and above group. AIDS mortality showed an increasing trend among people aged 65 years or older. The comparison between the sexes showed an upward trend of HIV/AIDS incidence in all age groups and AIDS-mortality rates in 65 years and above in men, while in women, the incidence was upward among those aged 45 years and above, and concerning the AIDS-mortality rate in the 45–64 group. The high–high clusters of HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality were located in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Conclusion Our study found an upward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence and a stable trend in the AIDS mortality rate in Colombia. The downward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality rate in the 0–14 age group reflects the downwards mother-to-child HIV transmission. The upward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence in older women and AIDS mortality in younger women rates, compared with men, may be due to late diagnosis and treatment. The Caribbean and the ‘coffee belt’ regions were the most impacted by the HIV epidemic, most likely due to sexual tourism. Our results provide crucial information that may help Colombian health authorities fight HIV transmission. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10196-y.
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              Too old to test? Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among sexually active older adults.

              Older adults account for 17% of new HIV diagnoses in the US and are more likely to be diagnosed with HIV later in the course of the disease compared to younger people. We calculated the prevalence and associated factors of having ever been tested for HIV among sexually active older adults. We analyzed data from the 2008-2016 General Social Survey Limited to respondents ≥65 years of age who reported more than one sex partner(s) in past 12 months (n = 757). HIV testing prevalence, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by demographic variables and HIV-related risk behaviors. An estimated 16.3% of sexually active older adults have tested for HIV, and 15.9% were at increased risk for HIV infection (reported injection drug and/or crack-cocaine use, exchanging money for sex, more than three sex partners in the past year, or men who reported having sex with another man). In the adjusted model, adults aged 65-70, not married, self-identified as gay/bisexual, and at increased risk for HIV infection were more likely to have tested for HIV. An estimated 83.7% of sexually active older adults never tested for HIV. Strategies are needed to increase HIV awareness and testing among potentially high-risk older adults.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rci
                Revista chilena de infectología
                Rev. chil. infectol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Infectología (Santiago, , Chile )
                0716-1018
                2022
                : 39
                : 4
                : 405-412
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                Article
                S0716-10182022000400405 S0716-1018(22)03900400405
                10.4067/s0716-10182022000400405
                b3b2b941-218b-4f4e-8d44-b98b70201f88

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2022
                : 25 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                VIH/SIDA,incidencia,vigilancia epidemiológica,HIV/AIDS,incidence,epidemiological surveillance

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