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      Salud dental: relación entre la caries dental y el consumo de alimentos Translated title: Dental health: relationship between dental caries and food consumption

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          Abstract

          A pesar de que la reducción de la incidencia y prevalencia de la caries dental en muchos países se relaciona en gran medida con el uso sistemático del flúor en las pastas dentífricas y la mejora de la higiene dental, se debe tener presente la importancia de los hábitos alimentarios en la prevención primaria y secundaria de la caries dental. En este sentido, destacan los carbohidratos fermentables, determinadas características de los alimentos, la frecuencia de consumo, distintos tipos de alimentos, algunos como factores protectores, la cantidad y la calidad de la saliva, en tanto que ello determina el índice de remineralización de los dientes etc. Todos estos elementos son analizados a través de los factores sociodemográficos, de comportamiento, físico-ambientales y biológicos relacionados directa o indirectamente con dieta y caries.

          Translated abstract

          Although the reduction and prevalence of dental caries in many countries has been largely associated with the use of fluorine and improving dental hygiene, eating habits also play a role in the development of caries. Fermentable carbohydrates characteristics of the food, rate of consumption, food protectors, the quality and quantity of saliva indices that determine the remineralization of teeth are factors to be considered. All these elements are analyzed through the sociodemographic, behavioral, physical and biological environment directly or indirectly with diet and caries.

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          The role of chlorhexidine in caries prevention.

          The use of chlorhexidine for caries prevention has been a controversial topic among dental educators and clinicians. In several reviews, it has been concluded that the most persistent reduction of mutans streptococci have been achieved by chlorhexidine varnishes, followed by gels and, lastly, mouth rinses. Also, the evidence for using different chlorhexidine modes or a combination of chlorhexidine-fluoride therapy for caries prevention has been "suggestive but incomplete". Variable study designs and lack of data in high-risk children and adults support the need to continue conducting randomized, well-controlled clinical trials and to search for a practical, effective mode of antimicrobial treatment that augments the known effect of fluoride treatments. Currently, the only chlorhexidine-containing products marketed in the United States (US) are mouthrinses containing 0.12 percent chlorhexidine. Based on the available reviews, chlorhexidine rinses have not been highly effective in preventing caries, or at least the clinical data are not convincing. Due to the current lack of long-term clinical evidence for caries prevention and reported side effects, chlorhexidine rinses should not be recommended for caries prevention. Due to the inconclusive literature and sparse clinical data on gels and varnishes, their use for caries prevention should also be studied further to develop evidence-based recommendations for their clinical role in caries prevention. Since dental caries is a disease with a multifactoral etiology, it is currently more appropriate to use other established, evidence-based prevention methods, such as fluoride applications, diet modifications and good oral hygiene practices. Recent findings also indicate that the effect of an antimicrobial agent for reducing the levels of mutans streptococci or plaque reduction may not always correlate with eventual caries reduction. The clinically important outcome is proven reductions in caries. Many advances in the treatment and prevention of dental caries have been introduced over the past century. The use of chlorhexidine in caries prevention has been referred to as a nonsurgical management of dental caries and has represented the modern medical model of caries treatment. However, there is a lack of consensus on evidence-based treatment protocols and controversy regarding the role of chlorhexidine in caries prevention among dental educators and clinicians. There is a need to standardize guidelines to optimize evidence-based non-surgical disease management to provide appropriate care. This paper reviewed the literature on the effectiveness of different modes of chlorhexidine delivery for caries prevention and provides guidelines for chlorhexidine use in caries management. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases and the keywords "chlorhexidine" and "caries", limiting the search to "humans", "reviews" and "English". Based on the published reviews, it was concluded that chlorhexidine rinses, gels and varnishes or combinations of these items with fluoride have variable effects. Additionally, the sparse clinical data that was reported weakens the conclusions. Due to the current lack of evidence on long-term clinical outcomes and reported side effects, chlorhexidine rinse, which is currently the only treatment mode available in the US, should not be recommended for caries prevention. Clinical evidence on gels and varnishes is also inconclusive. For the treatment of dental caries, there are alternative evidence-based prevention methods available, such as fluoride applications, diet modifications and good oral hygiene practices.
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            The relationship between childhood weight, dental caries and eating practices in children aged 4-8 years in Australia, 2004-2008.

            The association between overweight/obesity and dental caries in children is contentious with studies variously reporting positive or negative associations between the two conditions. Since 1995, Australia has experienced a rise in the prevalence of both conditions in its children. This study investigated the association between child weight, diet and dental problems in a nationally representative sample. Data from 4149 children (51.5% male) participating in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were used. The LSAC is a longitudinal study collecting data from a large representative cohort of Australian children; data from the first three waves were included with children aged 4-5 years, 6-7 years, and 8-9 years. Multivariate cross-sectional and prospective analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between child weight, diet and dental problems. Overweight/obesity was associated with sweet drink consumption and dental problems associated with consumption of fatty foods and sweet drinks. Underweight was associated with dental problems cross-sectionally, but both underweight and overweight at age 6-7 years predicted dental problems at age 8-9 years. Dental caries and body weight are influenced by diet. Overweight children may be consuming less fatty food but appear to be consuming more sweet drinks than normal-weight children, which can lead to both increased weight and dental caries. Dietary interventions designed to reduce the development of dental caries may also reduce the development and maintenance of overweight. © 2012 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity © 2012 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
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              Nutrition and health: guidelines for dental practitioners.

              Good nutrition is vital to overall health, and poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nutritional factors are implicated in many oral and systemic diseases and conditions, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dental caries and some cancers including oral cancers. This review focuses on the evidence for the relations between key nutritional factors and health. Energy intake is related to body weight and obesity, highlighting the importance of lower-energy diets and regular physical activity for body weight maintenance and for preventing obesity. Evidence is presented for the health benefits of high quality carbohydrates, such as whole grain products, and fruits and vegetables, in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The adverse effects of sugar, sweetened beverages, and trans and saturated fats on several diseases including caries, diabetes and cardiovascular disease are described. The health benefits of unsaturated fats, antioxidants, B vitamins and vitamin D in cardiovascular disease, periodontitis, cancer, and other conditions are documented. Both benefits and harmful effects of dairy product intake on health are discussed. Based on the evidence, nutritional guidelines are provided, as well as key recommendations for preventing obesity. Dentists can play a critical role in motivating and enabling healthy food choices.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral (Madrid )
                0212-1611
                July 2013
                : 28
                : suppl 4
                : 64-71
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112013001000008
                b3fbd788-e562-4a6b-86b5-4b452ce2adbb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Diet,Caries,Risk,Remineralization,Hygiene,Dieta,Riesgo,Remineralización,Higiene
                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Diet, Caries, Risk, Remineralization, Hygiene, Dieta, Riesgo, Remineralización, Higiene

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