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      Atividade antimicrobiana de fungos endofíticos isolados de plantas tóxicas da amazônia: Palicourea longiflora (aubl.) rich e Strychnos cogens bentham Translated title: Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from amazonian toxic plants: Palicourea longiflora (aubl.) rich and Strychnos cogens bentham

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          Abstract

          Das plantas tóxicas da Amazônia Palicourea longiflora e Strychnos cogens foram isolados 571 fungos endofíticos e 74 bactérias endofíticas. Palicourea longiflora (Rubiaceae) e outras espécies desse gênero estão relacionadas a 90% das mortes de gado na região Amazônica. Strychnos cogens (Loganiaceae) e outras espécies de Strychnos são utilizadas pelos indígenas na confecção de "curares". Entre os endófitos isolados de P. longiflora foram identificados os fungos: Colletotrichum sp. e seu telemorfo Glomerella sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger, Phomopsis sp. e Xylaria sp., além da bactéria Burkholderia gladioli, pertencente a um grupo de fixadoras de nitrogênio. Dos isolados de S. cogens foram identificados os fungos: Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma sp. Uma amostra de 79 isolados fúngicos teve seus metabólitos extracelulares bioensaiados contra microrganismos patogênicos e fitopatogênicos: 19 isolados inibiram um ou mais microrganismos-teste. Dos oito isolados com melhores resultados de inibição, as móleculas bioativas eram menores que 12.000 daltons, fato verificado pela diálise dos metabólitos.

          Translated abstract

          Palicourea longiflora (Rubiaceae), a toxic plant from the Amazon belonging to the genus related to 90% of cattle death in the region, and Strychnos cogens (Loganiaceae)belonging to a genus whose plants are used by Indians for manufacturing "curares", were sources of 571 fungi isolates and 74 bacteria isolates. The fungi Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger, Glomerella sp., Phomopsis sp. and Xylaria sp. and the endophytic bacterium Burkholderia gladioli were identified from P. longiflora, while the fungi Colletotrichum sp., Guignardia sp., Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. were identified from S. cogens. Bioassays of fungi metabolites excreted by 79 isolates against pathogenic and phytopathogenic microorganisms showed that 19 products inhibited at least one of the microorganisms tested. Through metabolite dialysis it was possible to check the eight best inhibition results, observing that the bioactive molecules were smaller than 12.000 daltons.

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          Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Pacific yew.

          Taxomyces andreanae, a fungal endophyte, was isolated from the phloem (inner bark) of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia. The fungus is hyphomyceteous and, when grown in a semi-synthetic liquid medium, produced taxol and related compounds. Taxol was identified by mass spectrometry, chromatography, and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for taxol. Both [1-14C]acetic acid and L-[U-14C]phenylalanine served as precursors of [14C]taxol in fungal cultures. No taxol was detected in zero-time cultures or in the small agar plugs used to inoculate the culture flasks.
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            Fungal Endophytes of Grasses: A Defensive Mutualism between Plants and Fungi

            Keith Clay (1988)
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              Jesterone and hydroxy-jesterone antioomycete cyclohexenone epoxides from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis jesteri.

              Jesterone and hydroxy-jesterone are novel highly functionalized cyclohexenone epoxides isolated from a newly described endophytic fungal species--Pestalotiopsis jesteri. They were purified from cultures of the fungus by bioassay guided fractionation using Pythium ultimum as the indicator organism. Jesterone, in particular, displays selective antimycotic activity against the oomycetous fungi which are some of the most plant pathogenic of all disease causing fungi. The possible importance of these cyclohexenones to the biology of the endophytic fungus-host plant relationship is also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aa
                Acta Amazonica
                Acta Amaz.
                Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Manaus )
                1809-4392
                2004
                : 34
                : 2
                : 185-195
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Carlos Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Amazonas Brazil
                [3 ] Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Brazil
                Article
                S0044-59672004000200006
                10.1590/S0044-59672004000200006
                b4bd5b44-660d-4e68-9e70-1f1a0105e2bc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0044-5967&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRONOMY
                BIOLOGY
                ZOOLOGY

                General life sciences,Animal science & Zoology,Horticulture
                Endophytic fungi,Palicourea longiflora,Strychnos cogens,fungos endofíticos,bactérias endofíticas,bioensaios,Endophytic bacterium,bioassay

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