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      A method for rapid 3D scanning and replication of large paleontological specimens

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          Abstract

          We demonstrate a fast and cost-effective technique to perform three dimensional (3D) scanning and replication of large paleontological specimens, in this case the entire skull of a Tyrannosaurus rex (T.rex) with a volume in the range of 2 m 3. The technique involves time-of-flight (TOF) depth sensing using the Kinect scanning module commonly used in gesture recognition in gaming. Raw data from the Kinect sensor was captured using open source software and the reconstruction was done rapidly making this a viable method that can be adopted by museums and researchers in paleontology. The current method has the advantage of being low-cost as compared to industrial scanners and photogrammetric methods but also of accurately scanning a substantial volume range which is well suited for large specimens. The depth resolution from the Kinect sensor was measured to be around 0.6 mm which is ideal for scanning large specimens with reasonable structural detail. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method on the skull of FMNH PR 2081, also known as SUE, a near complete T.rex at the Field Museum of Natural History.

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          Applications of X-ray synchrotron microtomography for non-destructive 3D studies of paleontological specimens

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            A virtual world of paleontology.

            Computer-aided visualization and analysis of fossils has revolutionized the study of extinct organisms. Novel techniques allow fossils to be characterized in three dimensions and in unprecedented detail. This has enabled paleontologists to gain important insights into their anatomy, development, and preservation. New protocols allow more objective reconstructions of fossil organisms, including soft tissues, from incomplete remains. The resulting digital reconstructions can be used in functional analyses, rigorously testing long-standing hypotheses regarding the paleobiology of extinct organisms. These approaches are transforming our understanding of long-studied fossil groups, and of the narratives of organismal and ecological evolution that have been built upon them.
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              Robust Part-Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using Kinect Sensor

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                5 July 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 7
                : e0179264
                Affiliations
                [1 ]MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
                [2 ]Murmann Dental Health, Naperville, IL, United States of America
                [3 ]KFCForensics, 422 Teague Trail, Lady Lake, FL, United States of America
                Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: On behalf of all the authors I would like to declare that KFCForensics has no competing interests related to this work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

                • Conceptualization: DCM AJD.

                • Data curation: AJD.

                • Formal analysis: AJD.

                • Investigation: AJD DCM KFC.

                • Methodology: AJD DCM.

                • Project administration: AJD.

                • Resources: AJD RR.

                • Software: AJD.

                • Supervision: DCM RR.

                • Validation: AJD.

                • Visualization: AJD.

                • Writing – original draft: AJD.

                • Writing – review & editing: AJD DCM KFC.

                Article
                PONE-D-16-45788
                10.1371/journal.pone.0179264
                5497938
                28678817
                b4d14705-98c8-4051-9e80-2c7648dcd811
                © 2017 Das et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 17 November 2016
                : 28 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, Pages: 13
                Funding
                MIT Media Lab Consortia Funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The funder provided support in the form of salaries for one of the authors (KFC), but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Engineering and technology
                Electronics engineering
                3D printing
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Skeleton
                Skull
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Musculoskeletal System
                Skeleton
                Skull
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Mouth
                Mandible
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Mouth
                Mandible
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Paleontology
                Earth Sciences
                Paleontology
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Teeth
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Head
                Jaw
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Computers
                Personal Computers
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Computer Software
                Custom metadata
                Requests for original scans and data can be made to William Simpson ( wsimpson@ 123456fieldmuseum.org ) at the Field Museum of Natural History ( https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/contact). All relevant information required for replication has been provided in the paper.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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