REVERSE LOGISTICS OF E-WASTE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR THE BRAZILIAN MODEL

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Abstract

Abstract E-waste reverse logistics initiatives in important industrial economies like India, China and Brazil show that specific models of reverse logistics, adapted to local reality, are required in developing countries. This research objective is to discuss the main challenges and opportunities for the implementation of the reverse logistics Brazilian model for computers and cell phones. Methodological procedures included 21 in-depth interviews with multiple stakeholders including government, manufacturers, retailers, recycling companies, waste picker organizations and academics. Results show the importance of the new regulation to enhance the dialogue among the members of the electro electronic supply chain for the development of the Brazilian model of reverse logistics. However technological gaps in recycling e-waste within the country, its continental dimension, taxation challenges and conflicts between waste picker organizations and the industry are challenges for the Brazilian model success.

Translated abstract

Resumo As iniciativas de programas de logística reversa de resíduos eletroeletrônicos em países como Índia, China e Brasil mostram que modelos específicos, adaptados à realidade local, são necessários em países em desenvolvimento. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir os principais desafios e oportunidades para a implementação de modelos de logística reversa de computadores e aparelhos celulares. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem 21 entrevistas em profundidade com múltiplos stakelholders incluindo representantes do poder público, fabricantes, varejo, recicladores, cooperativas de catadores e acadêmicos. Resultados evidenciam a importância da nova legislação para ampliar o diálogo entre os membros da cadeia de eletroeletrônicos para o avanço do modelo brasileiro de logística reversa. No entanto, barreiras tecnológicas para reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos no país, as dimensões continentais, entraves tributários e os conflitos entre organizações de catadores e indústrias ameaçam o sucesso do modelo brasileiro.

Translated abstract

Resumen Iniciativas de logística inversa de desechos eletrônicos en importantes economías como India, China y Brasil demuestram que se requieren modelos específicos de logística inversa, adaptados a la realidad local en los países en desarrollo. Este proyecto de investigacin tiene como principal objetivo discutir los desafíos y oportunidades para la implementación del modelo brasileño de logística inversa para computadoras y teléfonos celulares. Los procedimientos metodológicos incluyeron 21 entrevistas en profundidad con múltiples stakaholders como representantes gobenamentales, fabricantes, empresas recicladoras, minoristas, organizaciones coletoras de materiales reciclables. y académicos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la nueva regulación para mejorar el diálogo entre los miembros de la cadena de suministro de electrónicos de forma a contribuir para el desarrollo del modelo brasileño de logística inversa. Sin embargo gaps tecnológicos para reaprovechamento de componentes eletroeletrónicos en Brasil, su dimensión continental, desafíos fiscales y conflictos entre organizaciones de coletores de materiales reciclables desafían la implementacion del moldelo brasileno.

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The Discovery of Grounded Theory

Barney G. Glaser, Anselm L. Strauss (1967)

Most writing on sociological method has been concerned with how accurate facts can be obtained and how theory can thereby be more rigorously tested. In The Discovery of Grounded Theory, Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss address the equally Important enterprise of how the discovery of theory from data--systematically obtained and analyzed in social research--can be furthered. The discovery of theory from data--grounded theory--is a major task confronting sociology, for such a theory fits empirical situations, and is understandable to sociologists and laymen alike. Most important, it provides relevant predictions, explanations, interpretations, and applications.In Part I of the book, Generation Theory by Comparative Analysis, the authors present a strategy whereby sociologists can facilitate the discovery of grounded theory, both substantive and formal. This strategy involves the systematic choice and study of several comparison groups. In Part II, The Flexible Use of Data, the generation of theory from qualitative, especially documentary, and quantitative data Is considered. In Part III, Implications of Grounded Theory, Glaser and Strauss examine the credibility of grounded theory.The Discovery of Grounded Theory is directed toward improving social scientists' capacity for generating theory that will be relevant to their research. While aimed primarily at sociologists, it will be useful to anyone Interested In studying social phenomena--political, educational, economic, industrial-- especially If their studies are based on qualitative data.