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      Bond strength of different endodontic sealers to dentin: push-out test

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of different root canal sealers to dentin.

          Material and Methods

          Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were examined and the coronal and middle thirds of the canals were prepared with a 1.50 mm post drill (FibreKor Post System, Pentron). The teeth were allocated in two experimental groups, irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA or saline solution (control group) and instrumented using Race rotary files (FKG) to a size #40 at the working length. Then, the groups were divided into four subgroups and filled with Epiphany sealer (Group 1), EndoREZ (Group 2), AH26 (Group 3) and Grossman's Sealer (Group 4). After 2 weeks of storage in 100% humidity at 37ºC, all teeth were sectioned transversally into 2-mm-thick discs. Push-out tests were performed at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. The maximum load at failure was recorded and expressed in MPa.

          Results

          Means (±SD) in root canals irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA were: G1 (21.6±6.0), G2 (15.2±3.7), G3 (14.6±4.5) and G4 (11.7±4.1).Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test showed the highest bond strength for the Epiphany's group (p< 0.01) when compared to the other tested sealers. Saline solution decreased the values of bond-strength (p<0.05) for all sealers.

          Conclusion

          Epiphany sealer presented higher bond strength values to dentin in both irrigating protocols, and the use of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA increased the bond strength values for all sealers.

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          Most cited references49

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          An evaluation of microbial leakage in roots filled with a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material (Resilon).

          The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial leakage using Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis through gutta-percha and a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root filling (Resilon) using two filling techniques during a 30-day period. Teeth were decoronated, roots prepared to a length of 16 mm, and instrumented to ISO sizes 40 to 50. A total of 156 roots were randomly divided into 8 groups of 15 roots (groups 1-8) and 3 control groups (12 roots each). Roots were filled using lateral and vertical condensation techniques with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer (groups 1 and 2) or with gutta-percha and Epiphany sealer (groups 3 and 4). Groups 5 and 6 were filled with Resilon and Epiphany sealer using the lateral or vertical condensation techniques. A split chamber microbial leakage model was used in which S. mutans placed in the upper chamber could reach the lower chamber only through the filled canal. Groups 7 and 8 were identical to groups 5 and 6 respectively; however, E. faecalis was used to test the leakage. Positive controls were filled with Resilon (12 roots) and gutta-percha (12 roots) without sealer and tested with bacteria, whereas negative controls (12 roots) were sealed with wax to test the seal between chambers. All but one positive control leaked within 24 h, whereas none of the negative controls leaked. Resilon showed minimal leakage (group 8: one leakage; groups 5-7: each with two leakages), which was significantly less than gutta-percha, in which approximately 80% of specimens with either technique or sealer leaked. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistical significance when all groups were compared (p < 0.05). Mann-Whitney U test compared the respective groups and found Resilon groups superior to gutta-percha groups (p < 0.05).
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            Adhesion of endodontic sealers to dentin and gutta-percha.

            Adhesion of endodontic sealers to dentin and gutta-percha offers clues into their interaction with the wall of the root canal and the filling material. In this in vitro study, four classes of endodontic sealers (Kerr, a ZOE-based sealer; Sealapex, a calcium hydroxide-based sealer; AH 26, an epoxy resin-based system; and Ketac-Endo, a glass-ionomer based sealer) were compared for their ability to bond to dentin or gutta-percha. Flat coronal dentin or gutta-percha surfaces were created by using a diamond-impregnated saw blade. Aluminum cylinders (ca. 5-mm diameter) were stabilized on the substrates with small amounts of wax and then filled with one of the sealers. After setting in 100% humidity for 24 h, their tensile bond strengths were measured. Controls were the unfilled cylinders stabilized with wax. The bond strengths and modes of failure were measured. The results were statistically analyzed by using a two-way ANOVA (materials versus substrates) and Student-Newman-Keuls test at alpha = 0.05. The results indicated that sealant bond strengths to dentin (from lowest to highest mean +/- SD, n = 10) were: Kerr 0.13 +/- 0.02; Sealapex 0.30 +/- 0.08; Ketac-Endo 0.80 +/- 0.24; AH 26 2.06 +/- 0.53 MPa. The latter two were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the first two sealers and from themselves. The sealant bond strength to gutta-percha (from lowest to highest mean +/- SD, n = 10) were: Ketac-Endo 0.19 +/- 0.01; Sealapex 0.22 +/- 0.01; Kerr 1.07 +/- 0.19; AH 26 2.93 +/- 0.29 MPa. AH 26 gave the significantly highest bonds to gutta-percha.
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              Adhesive dentistry and endodontics. Part 2: bonding in the root canal system-the promise and the problems: a review.

              One of the recent trends in endodontics has been the development of bonded obturating materials, in an effort to provide a more effective seal coronally and apically. Materials utilizing dentin adhesive technology have been borrowed from restorative dentistry and adapted to obturating materials. This review discusses the obstacles to effective bonding in the root canal system, the progress that has been made, and possible strategies for improved materials in the future. Much of the literature reviewed and many of the principles discussed are taken from the restorative dentistry literature and applied to the unique environment of the root canal system.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Appl Oral Sci
                J Appl Oral Sci
                J. Appl. Oral. Sci.
                Journal of Applied Oral Science
                Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo
                1678-7757
                1678-7765
                Nov-Dec 2011
                : 19
                : 6
                : 644-647
                Affiliations
                [1 ] DDS, PhD, Professor, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
                [2 ] DDS, PhD, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
                [3 ] DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
                [4 ] BDS, DMD, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
                Author notes
                Corresponding address: Mário Tanomaru-Filho - Rua Humaitá, 1680 - Centro - 14801-903 - Araraquara - SP - Brasil - Phone +55-16-3336-4658 - Fax. +55- 16-3301-6392 - e-mail: tanomaru@ 123456uol.com.br
                Article
                10.1590/S1678-77572011000600017
                3973468
                22231001
                b6214d04-d47d-49fe-af69-92dbb9fb3a69

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 October 2009
                : 18 March 2010
                : 27 March 2010
                Categories
                Original Articles

                root canal obturation,root canal filling material,push-out

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