Objective To examine the quality of life and its influencing factors among rural elderly in poverty areas of Shanxi province.
Methods We conducted a face-to-face household survey among 270 residents aged ≥ 50 years selected with convenient sampling in 7 villages of a poor county in Shanxi province between December 2016 and January 2017. Demographics and living conditions of the participants were collected with a unified questionnaire. Pearson chi-square test, nonparametric tests, and logistic regression were adopted in data analyses.
Results The average age was 66.39 ± 8.00 for the 223 participants aged 60 years and above finally included into the study. For all the participants, the score of Activity of Daily Life Scale (ADL) was 16.59 ± 7.24 and the proportion of the participants with impaired ADL was 33.9%. The risk factors for the impaired ADL were elder age (odds ratio [ OR] = 7.309, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.033 – 26.277), being an empty-nested elderly ( OR = 2.149, 95% CI: 1.035 – 4.462), and not at work ( OR = 2.476, 95% CI: 1.101 – 5.567) and with better sleep was a favorable factors against impaired ADL ( OR = 0.550, 95% CI: 0.351 – 0.862). The mean overall personal wellbeing index for the participants was 7.17 ± 1.66 and the top three domain scores reported by the participants were 8.72 ± 1.45 for harmony atmosphere in the village, 8.36 ± 1.57 for relationship with other people, and 7.60 ± 2.31 for personal safety. The hindering factors for perceived happiness were being unmarried ( OR = 0.389, 95% CI: 0.156 – 0.972) and suffering from chronic disease ( OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.146 – 0.889); whereas better sleeping in was a promoting factor for personal wellbeing ( OR = 1.473, 95% CI: 1.027 – 2.114).
Conclusion Among the elderly in poor rural areas of Shanxi province, the quality of life is poor and the impaired activity of daily life is obviously serious but the personal wellbeing is relatively high; the situations are influenced by sleeping status and other factors. The results suggest that measures should be taken to improve quality of life of the elderly.
【摘 要】 目的 了解山西省某贫困地区农村老年人的生活质量状况并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用方便抽样方法，于 2016 年 12 月 — 2017 年 1 月在某贫困县 7 个村子调查≥50 岁居民 270 人，使用统一问卷，入户调查农村老年人的基本信息及生活状况，采用 χ 2 检验、非参数检验、logistic 回归分析对数据进行统计分析。 结果 ≥ 60 岁农村居民 223 人，平均年龄（66.39 ± 8.00）岁，日常生活能力评估得分（16.59 ± 7.24）分，受损率为 33.9 %，高龄（ OR = 7.309， 95 % CI = 2.033 ～ 26.277）、空巢（ OR = 2.149，95 % CI = 1.035 ～ 4.462）、不工作（ OR = 2.476，95 % CI = 1.101 ～ 5.567）是日常生活能力受损的因素，睡眠状况好（ OR = 0.550，95 % CI = 0.351 ～ 0.862）是日常生活能力的有利因素。老年人的幸福感总均分为（7.17 ± 1.66）分，得分前三的维度依次是本村和谐程度（8.72 ± 1.45）分、与他人关系（8.36 ± 1.57）分和个人安全感（7.60 ± 2.31）分。非在婚状态（ OR = 0.389，95 % CI = 0.156 ～ 0.972）、患有慢性病（ OR = 0.360，95 % CI = 0.146 ～ 0.889）降低老年人幸福感，好的睡眠质量（ OR = 1.473，95 % CI = 1.027 ～ 2.114）提高老年人幸福感。 结论 山西省贫困地区农村老年人生活质量较差，日常生活能力受损明显但幸福感得分较高，受睡眠状况及其他因素影响；加大政府补助、疾病防治、完善制度建设等可改善农村老年人生活质量。