Dietary fatty acids and inflammatory markers in patients with coronary artery disease

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Abstract

Background:

Atherosclerosis, with its major manifestation, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids intakes favorably effect on inflammatory responses. This study was conducted to examine the association between dietary fatty acid intakes and inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), in CAD patients among Iranian population.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Chamran Heart Hospital, Isfahan, Iran in 2012. Patients aged ≥45 years with first ever symptomatic CAD confirmed by angiography were included. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual intakes of dietary fatty acids.

Results:

The energy-adjusted daily intakes (mean ± SD) of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) were 27 ± 9, 22 ± 6, 21 ± 5, 0.4 ± 0.32, and 0.85 ± 0.82 g/d; respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, SFA was directly related to hs-CRP ( P = 0.01) and IL-6 ( P < 0.001) concentrations. Intakes of EPA + DHA and MUFA, were significantly adversely related to plasma hs-CRP concentration ( P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) but not IL-6, albeit MUFA was modestly inversely related to IL-6 ( P = 0.08). No significant relationships were observed for other fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that saturated fatty acids, EPA + DHA and MUFA were significantly related to plasma inflammatory markers in CAD patients.

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Most cited references 43

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Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.

Melody Swartz, W Haskell, Jennifer D. Bassett … (2000)

We provide an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure. It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA. The Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code that describes physical activities by major headings (e.g., occupation, transportation, etc.) and specific activities within each major heading with its intensity, defined as the ratio of work metabolic rate to a standard resting metabolic rate (MET). Energy expenditure in MET-minutes, MET-hours, kcal, or kcal per kilogram body weight can be estimated for specific activities by type or MET intensity. Additions to the Compendium were obtained from studies describing daily PA patterns of adults and studies measuring the energy cost of specific physical activities in field settings. The updated version includes two new major headings of volunteer and religious activities, extends the number of specific activities from 477 to 605, and provides updated MET intensity levels for selected activities.

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Saturated fatty acid-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue: mechanisms of action and implications.

Arion Kennedy, Kristina Martinez, Chia-Chi Chuang … (2009)

This review highlights the inflammatory and insulin-antagonizing effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA), which contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Mechanisms responsible for these unhealthy effects of SFA include: 1) accumulation of diacylglycerol and ceramide; 2) activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, protein kinase C-, and mitogen-activated protein kinases, and subsequent induction of inflammatory genes in white adipose tissue, immune cells, and myotubes; 3) decreased PPARgamma coactivator-1 alpha/beta activation and adiponectin production, which decreases the oxidation of glucose and fatty acids (FA); and 4) recruitment of immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to WAT and muscle. Several studies have demonstrated potential health benefits of substituting SFA with unsaturated FA, particularly oleic acid and (n-3) FA. Thus, reducing consumption of foods rich in SFA and increasing consumption of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean meats and poultry, fish, low-fat dairy products, and oils containing oleic acid or (n-3) FA is likely to reduce the incidence of metabolic disease.

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Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death.

U Ajani, Charles Hennekens, J Manson … (1998)

Dietary fish intake has been associated with a reduced risk of fatal cardiac end points, but not with nonfatal end points. Dietary fish intake may have a selective benefit on fatal arrhythmias and therefore sudden cardiac death. To investigate prospectively the association between fish consumption and the risk of sudden cardiac death. Prospective cohort study. The US Physicians' Health Study. A total of 20 551 US male physicians 40 to 84 years of age and free of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer at baseline who completed an abbreviated, semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire on fish consumption and were then followed up to 11 years. Incidence of sudden cardiac death (death within 1 hour of symptom onset) as ascertained by hospital records and reports of next of kin. There were 133 sudden deaths over the course of the study. After controlling for age, randomized aspirin and beta carotene assignment, and coronary risk factors, dietary fish intake was associated with a reduced risk of sudden death, with an apparent threshold effect at a consumption level of 1 fish meal per week (P for trend=.03). For men who consumed fish at least once per week, the multivariate relative risk of sudden death was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.96; P=.04) compared with men who consumed fish less than monthly. Estimated dietary n-3 fatty acid intake from seafood also was associated with a reduced risk of sudden death but without a significant trend across increasing categories of intake. Neither dietary fish consumption nor n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with a reduced risk of total myocardial infarction, nonsudden cardiac death, or total cardiovascular mortality. However, fish consumption was associated with a significantly reduced risk of total mortality. These prospective data suggest that consumption of fish at least once per week may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in men.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adv Biomed Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adv Biomed Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): ABR

Title: Advanced Biomedical Research

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 2277-9175

ISSN (Electronic): 2277-9175

Publication date Collection: 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 31 July 2014

Volume: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 148

Affiliations

[1 ]Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[2 ]Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[3 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

[4 ]Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Zamzam Paknahad, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan - 81745, Iran. E-mail: paknahad@ 123456hlth.mui.ac.ir

Article

Publisher ID: ABR-3-148

DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.137818

PMC ID: 4162073

SO-VID: b898e189-d74a-4273-a3d1-36011725dd73

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Dietary fatty acids and inflammatory markers in patients with coronary artery disease

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Abstract

Background:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusions:

Related collections

Biomarkers for Inflammatory Lung Disease

Most cited references 43

Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities.

Saturated fatty acid-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue: mechanisms of action and implications.

Fish consumption and risk of sudden cardiac death.

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