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      Rasgos morfológicos de especies nativas potenciales para procesos agroecológicos Alto Andinos, Nariño, Colombia Translated title: Morphological traits of native species with potential for High Andean agroecological processes - Nariño, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen Los intensos sistemas de productivos presentes en la región Andina han generado graves perturbaciones a los ecosistemas de alta montaña, quienes proveen servicios ecosistémicos de gran importancia; como minerales, flora y fauna. El estudio de la flora nativa mediante descriptores morfológicos se hace relevante para caracterizar e identificar la vegetación que podría emplearse en sistemas agroecológicos como estrategia de recuperación y uso sostenible de sistemas degradados, pues promueven la diversidad y uso responsable de los recursos naturales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los patrones morfológicos foliares que caracterizan a cuatro especies arbustivas nativas del bosque alto andino; C. arborea; W. mariquitae; V. triphyllum y L. subseriata. Se utilizaron 15 descriptores morfológicos cualitativos y cuantitativos de hoja. Los datos se sometieron a análisis multivariado de componentes principales y correspondencias múltiples, para las variables cuantitativas y cualitativas respectivamente. Entre los descriptores más relevantes para C. arborea se encontró; ancho de la hoja y forma de la hoja. Para L. subseriata; largo de la hoja y longitud principal del peciolo. W. mariquitae; ancho de la hoja y color de la hoja en el haz y V. triphyllum; ancho de la hoja y grosor del peciolo. Este trabajo contribuye a identificar los rasgos morfológicos más relevantes de cuatro especies arbustivas del bosque altoandino las cuales podrían ser potenciales en la implementación de sistemas agroecológicos que coadyuven a la sostenibilidad de zonas perturbadas por acciones agropecuarias.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The intense production systems present in the Andean region have generated serious disturbances to high mountain ecosystems, which provide ecosystem services of great importance such as minerals, flora, and fauna. The study of the native flora through morphological descriptors becomes relevant to characterize and identify the vegetation that could be used in agroecological systems. This could serve as a strategy for the recovery and sustainable use of degraded systems since they promote diversity and responsible use of natural resources. The objective of this research was to determine the foliar morphological patterns that characterize four native shrub species of the High Andean forest: C. arborea; W. mariquitae; V. triphyllum y L. Subseriata. Fifteen qualitative and quantitative morphological leaf descriptors were used. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis of main components and multiple correspondences for quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Leaf width and leaf shape were found among the most relevant descriptors for C. arborea; leaf length and main petiole length for L. Subseriata; leaf width and color on the upper leaf side for W. mariquitae; and leaf width and petiole thickness for V. triphyllum. This work contributes to identifying the most relevant morphological traits of four High Andean forest shrub species with potential for the implementation of agroecological systems that contribute to the sustainability of areas disturbed by agricultural actions.

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          Diversity of Kranz anatomy and biochemistry in C4 eudicots.

          C(4) photosynthesis and Kranz anatomy occur in 16 eudicot families, a striking example of convergent evolution. Biochemical subtyping for 13 previously undiagnosed C(4) eudicot species indicated that 10 were NADP-malic enzyme (ME) and three were NAD-ME. A total of 33 C(4) species, encompassing four Kranz anatomical types (atriplicoid, kochioid, salsoloid, and suaedioid), and 21 closely related C(3) species were included in a quantitative anatomical study in which we found that, unlike similar studies in grasses and sedges, anatomical type had no predictive value for the biochemical subtype. In a multivariate canonical discriminant analysis, C(4) species were distinguished from C(3) species by the mesophyll to bundle sheath ratio and exposure of the bundle sheath surface to intercellular space. Discrimination between NADP-ME and NAD-ME was not significant, although in a Mantel test grouping by biochemical subtype was significant, while grouping by family was not. This comprehensive survey of C(4) anatomy and biochemistry unequivocally demonstrated that atriplicoid anatomy and NADP-ME biochemistry predominate in many evolutionary lineages. In addition to a main decarboxylating enzyme, high activity of a second decarboxylating enzyme was often observed. Notably, PEP-carboxykinase activity was significant in a number of species, demonstrating that this enzyme could also serve as a secondary pathway for C(4) metabolism in eudicots.
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            The Expansion of Modern Agriculture and Global Biodiversity Decline: An Integrated Assessment

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              Functional Trait Strategies of Trees in Dry and Wet Tropical Forests Are Similar but Differ in Their Consequences for Succession

              Global plant trait studies have revealed fundamental trade-offs in plant resource economics. We evaluated such trait trade-offs during secondary succession in two species-rich tropical ecosystems that contrast in precipitation: dry deciduous and wet evergreen forests of Mexico. Species turnover with succession in dry forest largely relates to increasing water availability and in wet forest to decreasing light availability. We hypothesized that while functional trait trade-offs are similar in the two forest systems, the successful plant strategies in these communities will be different, as contrasting filters affect species turnover. Research was carried out in 15 dry secondary forest sites (5-63 years after abandonment) and in 17 wet secondary forest sites (<1-25 years after abandonment). We used 11 functional traits measured on 132 species to make species-trait PCA biplots for dry and wet forest and compare trait trade-offs. We evaluated whether multivariate plant strategies changed during succession, by calculating a ‘Community-Weighted Mean’ plant strategy, based on species scores on the first two PCA-axes. Trait spectra reflected two main trade-off axes that were similar for dry and wet forest species: acquisitive versus conservative species, and drought avoiding species versus evergreen species with large animal-dispersed seeds. These trait associations were consistent when accounting for evolutionary history. Successional changes in the most successful plant strategies reflected different functional trait spectra depending on the forest type. In dry forest the community changed from having drought avoiding strategies early in succession to increased abundance of evergreen strategies with larger seeds late in succession. In wet forest the community changed from species having mainly acquisitive strategies to those with more conservative strategies during succession. These strategy changes were explained by increasing water availability during dry forest succession and increasing light scarcity during wet forest succession. Although similar trait spectra were observed among dry and wet secondary forest species, the consequences for succession were different resulting from contrasting environmental filters.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ria
                Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas
                Rev. investig. Altoandin.
                Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (Puno, , Peru )
                2313-2957
                April 2022
                : 24
                : 2
                : 101-110
                Affiliations
                [1] Nariño orgnameCorporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA orgdiv1Maestría en ingeniería ambiental Colombia
                [5] Nariño Nariño orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Facultad de ciencias agrarias orgdiv2Doctorado en Geografía Colombia
                [2] Nariño Nariño orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Postgrado en Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Maestría en agroecología Colombia
                [4] Nariño Nariño orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Facultad de ciencias agrarias orgdiv2Programa de ingeniería agroforestal Colombia
                [3] Nariño Nariño orgnameUniversidad de Nariño orgdiv1Facultad de ciencias agrarias orgdiv2Programa de ingeniería agroforestal Colombia
                Article
                S2313-29572022000200101 S2313-2957(22)02400200101
                10.18271/ria.2022.387
                b8da01d9-cbd9-499b-83a0-a19d22d435ba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 December 2021
                : 30 April 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículo Original

                Paramos,taxonomy,ecosystem services,ecosystem conservation,Páramos,taxonomía,servicios ecosistémicos,conservación del ecosistema

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