For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
2
views
32
references
 Top references
cited by
0
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      278
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Specific Functions of Melanocortin 3 Receptor (MC3R)

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) is a G-protein coupled receptor which has been defined mostly as a regulator of the appetite/hunger balance mechanisms to date. In addition to its function regarding the weight gain and appetite control mechanisms of MC3R, recent studies have shown that MC3R controls growth, puberty, and circadian rhythms as well. Despite the drastic effects of MC3R deficiency in humans and other mammals, its cellular mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review paper, we aimed to point out the importance of MC3R regulations in three main areas: 1) its impact on weight and appetite control, 2) its role in the control of growth, puberty, and the circadian rhythm, and, 3) its protein-protein interactions and cellular mechanisms.

          Related collections

          Most cited references32

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology

          Ruth Loos, Giles S H Yeo (2021)
          The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past four decades, imposing an enormous burden on people’s health. Polygenic (or common) obesity and rare, severe, early-onset monogenic obesity are often polarized as distinct diseases. However, gene discovery studies for both forms of obesity show that they have shared genetic and biological underpinnings, pointing to a key role for the brain in the control of body weight. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with increasing sample sizes and advances in sequencing technology are the main drivers behind a recent flurry of new discoveries. However, it is the post-GWAS, cross-disciplinary collaborations, which combine new omics technologies and analytical approaches, that have started to facilitate translation of genetic loci into meaningful biology and new avenues for treatment. In this Review, Loos and Yeo summarize our current understanding of the genetic underpinnings of monogenic and polygenic obesity. They highlight the commonalities revealed by recent studies and discuss the implications for treatment and prediction of obesity risk.
          Article 0 comments Cited 197 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control.

            Mark Andermann, Bradford B. Lowell (2017)
            Prior mouse genetic research has set the stage for a deep understanding of appetite regulation. This goal is now being realized through the use of recent technological advances, such as the ability to map connectivity between neurons, manipulate neural activity in real time, and measure neural activity during behavior. Indeed, major progress has been made with regard to meal-related gut control of appetite, arcuate nucleus-based hypothalamic circuits linking energy state to the motivational drive, hunger, and, finally, limbic and cognitive processes that bring about hunger-mediated increases in reward value and perception of food. Unexpected findings are also being made; for example, the rapid regulation of homeostatic neurons by cues that predict future food consumption. The aim of this review is to cover the major underpinnings of appetite regulation, describe recent advances resulting from new technologies, and synthesize these findings into an updated view of appetite regulation.
            Article 0 comments Cited 189 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: found
              Is Open Access

              The role of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones in feeding behaviour

              George Millington (2007)
              The precursor protein, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), produces many biologically active peptides via a series of enzymatic steps in a tissue-specific manner, yielding the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSHs), corticotrophin (ACTH) and β-endorphin. The MSHs and ACTH bind to the extracellular G-protein coupled melanocortin receptors (MCRs) of which there are five subtypes. The MC3R and MC4R show widespread expression in the central nervous system (CNS), whilst there is low level expression of MC1R and MC5R. In the CNS, cell bodies for POMC are mainly located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. Both of these areas have well defined functions relating to appetite and food intake. Mouse knockouts (ko) for pomc, mc4r and mc3r all show an obese phenotype, as do humans expressing mutations of POMC and MC4R. Recently, human subjects with specific mutations in β-MSH have been found to be obese too, as have mice with engineered β-endorphin deficiency. The CNS POMC system has other functions, including regulation of sexual behaviour, lactation, the reproductive cycle and possibly central cardiovascular control. However, this review will focus on feeding behaviour and link it in with the neuroanatomy of the POMC neurones in the hypothalamus and brainstem.
              Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCRPE
                Title: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
                Publisher: Galenos Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1308-5727
                ISSN (Electronic): 1308-5735
                Publication date (Print): March 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2023
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 1-6
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
                [2 ]Middle East Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
                Author notes
                * Address for Correspondence: Middle East Technical University, Department of Biological Sciences, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 210 64 65 E-mail: tyanik@ 123456metu.edu.tr
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-2264
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-3068
                Article
                Publisher ID: 58715
                DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-5-21
                PMC ID: 9976164
                PubMed ID: 36053086
                SO-VID: b9b9979e-29c5-4d92-894d-2f714d4fffe4
                Copyright © ©Copyright 2023 by Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society | The Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology published by Galenos Publishing House.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 May 2022
                Date accepted : 31 August 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: childhood obesity,melanocortin 3 receptor,circadian rhythm,appetite control
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pediatrics
                Keywords: childhood obesity, melanocortin 3 receptor, circadian rhythm, appetite control

                Comments

                Comment on this article