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      Journal of Pain Research (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on reporting of high-quality laboratory and clinical findings in all fields of pain research and the prevention and management of pain. Sign up for email alerts here.

      52,235 Monthly downloads/views I 2.832 Impact Factor I 4.5 CiteScore I 1.2 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 0.655 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Chronic Pain And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Women With Autism And/Or ADHD: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To investigate the prevalence of chronic pain and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a group of women, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in childhood.

          Patients and methods

          Prospective longitudinal 16–19 years follow-up study of 100 Swedish females diagnosed with ASD and/or ADHD in childhood/adolescence. Seventy-seven of the women were included in the current sub-study, using validated measures of pain perception and quality of life.

          Results

          A large majority of the women (76.6%) reported chronic pain. HRQoL was low overall and lower still for those reporting chronic pain. Women with ADHD who had ongoing treatment with stimulants reported a significant lower prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) than those not treated.

          Conclusion

          Comorbidity with chronic pain is common in women with ASD and/or ADHD and important to address in the clinic since it is associated with an already low HRQoL. Treatment for ADHD might reduce the pain in some cases.

          Most cited references27

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          Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

          Anita Thapar, Miriam Cooper (2016)
          Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1·4-3·0%. It is more common in boys than girls. Comorbidity with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric disorders is substantial. ADHD is highly heritable and multifactorial; multiple genes and non-inherited factors contribute to the disorder. Prenatal and perinatal factors have been implicated as risks, but definite causes remain unknown. Most guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to treatment, beginning with non-drug interventions and then moving to pharmacological treatment in those most severely affected. Randomised controlled trials show short-term benefits of stimulant medication and atomoxetine. Meta-analyses of blinded trials of non-drug treatments have not yet proven the efficacy of such interventions. Longitudinal studies of ADHD show heightened risk of multiple mental health and social difficulties as well as premature mortality in adult life.
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            Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study.

            Søren Dalsgaard, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, James Leckman … (2015)
            Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental disorder associated with factors that are likely to increase mortality, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, criminality, accidents, and substance misuse. However, whether ADHD itself is associated with increased mortality remains unknown. We aimed to assess ADHD-related mortality in a large cohort of Danish individuals.
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              Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population study.

              S. BERGMAN, P Herrström, K Högström … (2001)
              To estimate the prevalence of chronic regional and widespread musculoskeletal pain in a sample of the general adult population and study the association to age, sex, socioeconomic class, immigration, and housing area. A cross sectional survey with a postal questionnaire to 3928 inhabitants on the west coast of Sweden. The age and sex adjusted prevalence of chronic regional pain (CRP) was 23.9% and chronic widespread pain (CWP) 11.4% among 2425 subjects who responded to the complete questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) for CWP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 6.36, 95% CI 3.85-10.50) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CWP was also associated with female sex (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.41-2.61), being an immigrant (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.22-2.77), living in a socially compromised housing area (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.48-6.27), and being an assistant nonmanual lower level employee (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09-3.38) or manual worker (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.65-4.49) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee. OR for CRP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.05) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CRP was also associated with being a manual worker (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.23) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in the general population. Sociodemographic variables were overall more frequently and strongly associated with CWP than with CRP, which indicates different pathophysiology in the development or preservation of pain in the 2 groups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Pain Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Pain Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JPR
                Journal ID (pmc): jpainres
                Title: Journal of Pain Research
                Publisher: Dove
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7090
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 October 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 12
                Pages: 2925-2932
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Medicine , Göteborg, Sweden
                [2 ]Gillberg Neuropsychiatric Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Göteborg, Sweden
                [3 ]Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology , Göteborg, Sweden
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Karin Asztély Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy Institute of Medicine , Box 454, GöteborgS-405 30, SwedenTel +46 (0)700 207 580Fax +46 (0)31 778 17 04 Email Karin.susanna.asztely@vgregion.se
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8330-6915
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-538X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 212422
                DOI: 10.2147/JPR.S212422
                PMC ID: 6804669
                PubMed ID: 31695481
                SO-VID: ba698c53-bd4e-4840-860f-12816e26d7db
                Copyright © © 2019 Asztély et al.
                License:

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                Date received : 16 April 2019
                Date accepted : 30 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, References: 48, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Keywords: female,girls,attention deficit disorder,autism spectrum disorder,widespread pain,stimulants
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anesthesiology & Pain management
                Keywords: female, girls, attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorder, widespread pain, stimulants

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