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      A Collaborative-Care Telephone-Based Intervention for Depression, Anxiety, and at-Risk Drinking in Primary Care: The PARTNERs Randomized Clinical Trial Translated title: Une intervention de soins collaboratifs par téléphone pour la dépression, l’anxiété et la consommation à risque dans les soins de première ligne : l’essai clinique randomisé PARTNERS

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          Abstract

          Background

          Collaborative care (CC) could improve outcomes in primary care patients with common mental conditions. We assessed the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic model of telephone-based CC (tCC) delivered by lay providers to primary care patients with depression, anxiety, or at-risk drinking.

          Methods

          PARTNERS was a pragmatic trial in 502 primary care adults presenting with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or at-risk drinking randomized to (1) usual care by primary care providers (PCPs) enhanced with the results of computer-assisted telephone-based assessments (at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months later) (enhanced usual care [eUC]) or (2) tCC consisting of eUC plus frequent telephone coaching and psychoeducation provided by mental health technicians who also communicated to the PCP recommendations from a psychiatrist for evidence-based pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, or, when indicated, referrals to mental health services. The primary analysis compared the change on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in participants presenting with depression ( n = 366) randomized to tCC versus eUC. Secondary analyses compared changes on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) in those presenting with anxiety ( n = 298); or change in the number of weekly drinks in those presenting with at-risk drinking ( n = 176).

          Results

          There were no treatment or time×treatment effects between tCC and eUC on PHQ-9 scores for patients with depression during the 12-month follow-up. However, there was a treatment effect (tCC > eUC) on GAD-7 scores in those with anxiety and a time×treatment interaction effect on the number of weekly drinks (tCC > eUC) in those with at-risk drinking.

          Conclusion

          Implementing transdiagnostic tCC for common mental disorders using lay providers appears feasible in Canadian primary care. While tCC was not better than eUC for depression, there were some benefits for those with anxiety or at-risk drinking. Future studies will need to confirm whether tCC differentially benefits patients with depression, anxiety, or at-risk drinking.

          Abrégé

          Contexte

          Les soins collaboratifs (SC) pourraient améliorer les résultats chez les patients des soins de première ligne souffrant d’états mentaux communs. Nous avons évalué l’efficacité d’un modèle transdiagnostique de SC par téléphone (SCt) dispensé par des prestataires non professionnels à des patients de première ligne souffrant de dépression, d’anxiété ou à risque de consommation d'alcool excessive.

          Méthodes

          PARTNERS était un essai pragmatique mené auprès de 502 adultes recevants des soins de première ligne qui présentaient des symptômes dépressifs, d’anxiété ou une consommation à risque et qui ont été randomisés à : (1) des soins usuels par des prestataires de première ligne (PPL) améliorés par les résultats d’évaluations par téléphone assistées par ordinateur (au départ puis 4, 8, et 12 mois plus tard) (eSU); ou (2) SCt consistant en eSU et un fréquent encadrement par téléphone et psychoéducation donnés par des Techniciens de santé mentale (TSM) qui ont aussi communiqué aux PPL les recommandations d’un psychiatre à l’égard de la pharmacothérapie fondée sur des données probantes, de la psychothérapie ou, le cas échéant, des renvois aux services de santé mentale. La première analyse comparaît le changement du Questionnaire sur la santé du patient (QSP-9) chez les participants présentant une dépression ( n = 366) randomisés aux SCt contre eSU. Les analyses secondaires comparaient le changement de l’échelle du Trouble anxieuxgénéralsé-7 (TAG-7) chez ceux présentant de l’anxiété ( n = 298); ou le changement du nombre de consommations hebdomadaires pour ceux sujets à la consommation à risque ( n = 176).

          Résultats

          Il n’y avait pas d’effet de traitement ou d'interaction temps par traitement entre SCt et eSU aux scores QSP-9 pour les patients souffrant de dépression durant le suivi de 12 mois. Cependant, il y avait un effet de traitement (SCt > eSU) aux scores TAG-7 chez ceux souffrant d’anxiété et un effet d’interaction temps par traitement sur le nombre de consommations hebdomadaires (SCt > eSU) chez ceux à risque de boire.

          Conclusion

          Mettre en œuvre des SCt transdiagnostiques pour les troubles mentaux communs avec l’aide de prestataires non professionnels semble faisable dans les soins de première ligne canadiens. Bien que SCt n’ait pas mieux réussi que eSU pour la dépression, il y avait certains bénéfices pour ceux souffrant d’anxiété ou à risque de consommation excessive. Les futures études devront confirmer si SCt bénéficiera différentiellement les patients souffrant de dépression, d’anxiété ou à risque de consommation excessive.

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          Most cited references41

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          A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

          Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders; however, there is no brief clinical measure for assessing GAD. The objective of this study was to develop a brief self-report scale to identify probable cases of GAD and evaluate its reliability and validity. A criterion-standard study was performed in 15 primary care clinics in the United States from November 2004 through June 2005. Of a total of 2740 adult patients completing a study questionnaire, 965 patients had a telephone interview with a mental health professional within 1 week. For criterion and construct validity, GAD self-report scale diagnoses were compared with independent diagnoses made by mental health professionals; functional status measures; disability days; and health care use. A 7-item anxiety scale (GAD-7) had good reliability, as well as criterion, construct, factorial, and procedural validity. A cut point was identified that optimized sensitivity (89%) and specificity (82%). Increasing scores on the scale were strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment (all 6 Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey scales and disability days). Although GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis confirmed them as distinct dimensions. Moreover, GAD and depression symptoms had differing but independent effects on functional impairment and disability. There was good agreement between self-report and interviewer-administered versions of the scale. The GAD-7 is a valid and efficient tool for screening for GAD and assessing its severity in clinical practice and research.
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            The PHQ-9

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              SIMR: an R package for power analysis of generalized linear mixed models by simulation

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Can J Psychiatry
                Can J Psychiatry
                CPA
                spcpa
                Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                0706-7437
                1497-0015
                28 February 2023
                October 2023
                28 February 2023
                : 68
                : 10
                : 732-744
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Ringgold 7978, universityCentre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH); , Toronto, ON, Canada
                [2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Ringgold 7938, universityUniversity of Toronto; , Toronto, ON, Canada
                [3 ]Ringgold 7979, universityHospital for Sick Children; , Toronto, ON, Canada
                [4 ]Group Health Centre, Sault Ste, Marie, ON, Canada
                [5 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and the Department of Veteran Affairs, Philadelphia, PA, USA
                [6 ]Ringgold 25463, universityWaypoint Centre for Mental Health Care; , Penetanguishene, ON, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]Benoit H. Mulsant, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Room 835, Toronto, ON, Canada. Email: benoit.mulsant@ 123456utoronto.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-5750
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-1992
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-7437
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-6450
                Article
                10.1177_07067437231156243
                10.1177/07067437231156243
                10517649
                36855791
                bacffaf3-273d-4223-bd80-102ab6a86697
                © The Author(s) 2023

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Foundation, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100014405;
                Categories
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                ts19

                depression,anxiety,alcohol use disorder,collaborative care,primary care,randomized clinical trial,computer-based assessment,measurement-based care,antidepressant,algorithm,treatment as usual

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