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      Profile and prevalence of hearing complaints in the elderly Translated title: Perfil e prevalência de queixa auditiva em idosos

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Hearing is essential for the processing of acoustic information and the understanding of speech signals. Hearing loss may be associated with cognitive decline, depression and reduced functionality.

          Objective

          To analyze the prevalence of hearing complaints in elderly individuals from Rio Grande do Sul and describe the profile of the study participants with and without hearing complaints.

          Methods

          7315 elderly individuals interviewed in their homes, in 59 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were age 60 years or older and answering the question on auditory self-perception. For statistical purposes, the chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to assess the correlations between variables.

          Results

          139 elderly individuals who did not answer the question on auditory self-perception and 9 who self-reported hearing loss were excluded, totaling 7167 elderly participants. Hearing loss complaint rate was 28% (2011) among the elderly, showing differences between genders, ethnicity, income, and social participation. The mean age of the elderly without hearing complaints was 69.44 (±6.91) and among those with complaint, 72.8 (±7.75) years. Elderly individuals without hearing complaints had 5.10 (±3.78) years of formal education compared to 4.48 (±3.49) years among those who had complaints. Multiple logistic regression observed that protective factors for hearing complaints were: higher level of schooling, contributing to the family income and having received health care in the last six months. Risk factors for hearing complaints were: older age, male gender, experiencing difficulty in leaving home and carrying out social activities.

          Conclusions

          Among the elderly population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of hearing complaints reached 28%. The complaint is more often present in elderly men who did not participate in the generation of family income, who did not receive health care, performed social and community activities, had a lower level of schooling and were older.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          A audição é essencial para o processamento de eventos acústicos e emissão e compreensão dos sinais de fala. A perda auditiva pode estar associada ao declínio cognitivo, depressão e redução da funcionalidade.

          Objetivo

          Analisar a prevalência de queixa auditiva em idosos do Rio Grande do Sul e descrever o perfil dos participantes com e sem queixa auditiva.

          Método

          Participaram do estudo 7.315 idosos entrevistados em suas residências, em 59 cidades gaúchas. Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram ter 60 anos ou mais de idade e terem respondido à questão sobre autopercepção auditiva. Para fins estatísticos foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado e regressão logística para avaliar as correlações entre as variáveis.

          Resultados

          Foram excluídos 139 idosos sem resposta à autopercepção auditiva e nove por autorreferirem surdez (7.167 participantes). A frequência de queixa de perda auditiva foi de 28% (2011) dos idosos, apresentando diferença entre gêneros, etnia, renda, participação social. A média de idade dos idosos sem queixa auditiva foi de 69,44 (±6,91) e com queixa 72,8 (±7,75) anos. Os idosos sem queixa auditiva apresentaram 5,10 (±3,78) anos de estudo comparado a 4,48 (±3,49) anos dos com queixa. A regressão logística múltipla observou que foram fatores protetores para a queixa auditiva maior escolaridade, contribuir na renda familiar e ter recebido atendimento de saúde nos últimos seis meses. Fatores de risco para a queixa auditiva foram idade mais avançada, sexo masculino, apresentar dificuldade de sair de casa e realizar atividades sociais.

          Conclusões

          Na população idosa do Rio Grande do Sul a prevalência de queixa auditiva atingiu 28%. A queixa está mais presente em idosos homens, sem participação na renda familiar, não receberam atendimento de saúde, tinham atividade social e comunitária, com menor escolaridade e maior idade.

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          Most cited references25

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          Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the United States.

          Hearing loss has been associated with cognitive and functional decline in older adults and may be amenable to rehabilitative interventions, but national estimates of hearing loss prevalence and hearing aid use in older adults are unavailable. We analyzed data from the 2005-2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, which is the first cycle to ever incorporate hearing assessment in adults aged 70 years and older. Audiometry was performed in 717 older adults, and data on hearing aid use, noise exposure, medical history, and demographics were obtained from interviews. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design and yield results that are generalizable to the U.S. population. The prevalence of hearing loss defined as a speech frequency pure tone average of more than 25 dB in the better ear was 63.1% (95% confidence interval: 57.4-68.8). Age, sex, and race were the factors most strongly associated with hearing loss after multivariate adjustment, with black race being substantially protective against hearing loss (odds ratio 0.32 compared with white participants [95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.53]). Hearing aids were used in 40.0% (95% confidence interval: 35.1-44.8) of adults with moderate hearing loss, but in only 3.4% (95% confidence interval: 0.8-6.0) of those with a mild hearing loss. Hearing loss is prevalent in nearly two thirds of adults aged 70 years and older in the U.S. population. Additional research is needed to determine the epidemiological and physiological basis for the protective effect of black race against hearing loss and to determine the role of hearing aids in those with a mild hearing loss.
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            • Article: not found

            The association between hearing loss and social isolation in older adults.

            To determine if age-related hearing loss is associated with social isolation and whether factors such as age, gender, income, race, or hearing aid use moderated the association.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Prevalence of age-related hearing loss in Europe: a review

              Populations are becoming progressively older thus presenting symptoms of diminished organ function due to degenerative processes. These may be physiological or caused by additional factors damaging the organ. Presbyacusis refers to the physiological age-related changes of the peripheral and central auditory system leading to hearing impairment and difficulty understanding spoken language. In contrast to epidemiological data of other continents, the prevalence of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) in Europe is not well defined, due in part to the use of different classification systems. We performed a systematic literature review with the aim of gaining a picture of the prevalence of ARHL in Europe. The review included only population and epidemiological studies in English since 1970 with samples in European countries with subjects aged 60 years and above. Nineteen studies met our selection criteria and additional five studies reported self-reported hearing impairment. When these data were crudely averaged and interpolated, roughly 30% of men and 20% of women in Europe were found to have a hearing loss of 30 dB HL or more by age 70 years, and 55% of men and 45% of women by age 80 years. Apparent problems in comparing the available data were the heterogeneity of measures and cut-offs for grades of hearing impairment. Our systematic review of epidemiological data revealed more information gaps than information that would allow gaining a meaningful picture of prevalence of ARHL. The need for standardized procedures when collecting and reporting epidemiological data on hearing loss has become evident. Development of hearing loss over time in conjunction with the increase in life expectancy is a major factor determining strategies of detection and correction of ARHL. Thus, we recommend using the WHO classification of hearing loss strictly and including standard audiometric measures in population-based health surveys.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                31 July 2016
                Sep-Oct 2017
                31 July 2016
                : 83
                : 5
                : 523-529
                Affiliations
                [a ]Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia Biomédica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                [b ]Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                [c ]Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. angelo.bos@ 123456pucrs.br
                Article
                S1808-8694(16)30145-8
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.06.015
                9444787
                27569691
                bc3c146d-fc43-408c-9774-e19ea11dec32
                © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 26 October 2015
                : 20 June 2016
                Categories
                Original Article

                hearing loss,epidemiologic studies,aged,perda auditiva,estudo epidemiológico,idoso

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