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      El diseño de preguntas clínicas en la práctica basada en la evidencia: modelos de formulación Translated title: Design of clinical questions in evidence-based practice: formulation models

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Identificar estructuras estandarizadas para la formulación de preguntas clínicas en el marco de la práctica basada en la evidencia. Método: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE y LILACS, y en el buscador académico Google Scholar. Se efectuaron estrategias de búsqueda sensibles y acordes a cada base de datos. Límites de búsqueda: intervalo de tiempo (enero de 1995 a abril de 2015), idioma (artículos en inglés). Se usaron palabras clave libres y descriptores del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) pertinentes: evidence based practice, question, formulation, well-built question, framework. Resultados: Se encontraron 10 manuscritos que aportaron el diseño original de estructuras para la formulación de preguntas clínicas en el ámbito de la práctica basada en la evidencia. El modelo PICO es la estructura más conocida y comúnmente utilizada en investigación cuantitativa y de él derivan los modelos PICOT, PICOTT, PICOS, PIPOH, PECORD, PESICO. En el campo de la gestión sanitaria la estructura ECLIPSE se erige para formulación de preguntas relacionadas con la gestión. Por último, para la búsqueda de evidencias cualitativas se han configurado los modelos SPICE y SPIDER adecuando sus componentes al fenómeno cualitativo. Conclusiones: Estos modelos estandarizadas se comportan como un instrumento idóneo para guiar la estrategia de búsqueda y delimitar el área de interés. Dada la gran variedad de piezas que integran las estructuras, su conocimiento exhaustivo acrecienta sus usos potenciales. Estas estructuras no deben ser consideradas como una guía rígida a la que ceñirse ineludiblemente.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To identify standard patterns for the construction of clinical queries in the context of evidence-based practice scenario. Method: A literature review was carried out. A sensitive and specific search was driven into MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and LILACS databases, along with academic search engine Google Scholar. Search limits: publishing period (January 1995 to April 2015) and language (articles in English). Free key words and descriptors of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used were: evidence based practice, question, formulation, well-built question, framework. Results: 10 manuscripts providing the original design of patterns for the formulation of clinical questions in the field of evidence-based practice were found. The PICO model is the best and broadly known, and it is commonly used in quantitative research. PICO model has also been the foundation to PICOT, PICOTT, PICOS, PIPOH, PECORD, and PESICO models. In the field of health management, ECLIPSE model highlights for management-related queries. Finally, SPIDER and SPICE models have been commonly used for qualitative research questions, due to their advantage for adapting its components to the qualitative phenomenon. Conclusions: These standard models behave as suitable tools to guide search strategies and define fields of interest. Given the variety of elements that configure these patterns, their comprehensive knowledge increases its potential applications. These structures should not be considered as a rigid rule. Moreover they draw a wide and flexible scope to drive effective search strategies.

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          Most cited references17

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          Clear and present questions: formulating questions for evidence based practice

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            The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions.

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              Formulating the Evidence Based Practice Question: A Review of the Frameworks

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                July 2016
                : 15
                : 43
                : 431-438
                Affiliations
                [02] Almería orgnameUniversidad de Almería orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina
                [01] orgnameHospital Torrecárdenas
                Article
                S1695-61412016000300016
                10.6018/eglobal.15.3.239221
                bc767df6-f93b-4e21-acb6-4a1a39c31ece

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 November 2015
                : 10 October 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Spain


                pregunta,formulación,práctica basada en la evidencia,estructura,evidence based practice,question,formulation,framework

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