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      Histomorfometria e índice proliferativo (Ki-67) no carcinoma escamocelular in situ de pregas vocais Translated title: Histomorphometry and proliferative index in squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vocal cords

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: As displasias da laringe são precursoras do carcinoma escamocelular invasivo e constituem lesões pouco comuns, pois a maior parte dos casos é detectada como carcinoma invasor. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar as displasias acentuadas/carcinoma in situ da prega vocal quanto a área do epitélio, diâmetro dos núcleos e índice proliferativo, comparando esses dados com os obtidos no epitélio escamoso normal e de transição. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Entre as 1.400 biópsias e peças cirúrgicas de lesões intraepiteliais e carcinomas invasivos de laringe (1994-2006), foram selecionados cinco casos (0,35%) pareados com dois controles de epitélio normal e com a idade; todos foram submetidos a análise morfométrica e imuno--histoquímica (Ki-67). RESULTADOS: Comparando-se o epitélio displásico com o normal e de transição observou-se maior área e diâmetro nuclear no epitélio displásico; não houve diferenças significativas no diâmetro dos núcleos por camada entre o epitélio displásico e de transição; e o índice proliferativo foi maior no epitélio displásico com núcleos corados em todas camadas e menor com núcleos limitados a camada basal e parabasal no epitélio normal e de transição. CONCLUSÃO: verifica-se maior área no epitélio displásico. O diâmetro dos núcleos do epitélio displásico e do de transição são semelhantes, mas este apresenta núcleos uniformes em toda extensão em contraste com o pleomorfismo do epitélio displásico. O índice proliferativo (Ki-67) contribui para o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões escamosas da prega vocal, pois no carcinoma in situ/displasia acentuada observa-se maior número de núcleos marcados, os quais são vistos em todas as camadas no epitélio.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: Laryngeal dysplasias, precursors of squamous cell carcinomas, are uncommon lesions, inasmuch as most cases are diagnosed as invasive carcinomas. OBJECTIVE: To characterize severe dysplasia/in situ carcinoma of the vocal cords by comparing the area of involved epithelium, nuclear diameter, and proliferative index with transition and normal squamous epithelia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 1,400 surgical and biopsy specimens of laryngeal lesions (1994-2006), five cases (0.35%) were selected and compared according to age with two controls with normal epithelium. Furthermore, all of them were identified and submitted to morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis (Ki-67). RESULTS: After comparing dysplastic with transition and normal squamous epithelia, it was observed an increased nuclear diameter in dysplastic epithelium. Additionally, there was no significant difference in nuclear diameter per layer between dysplastic and transition epithelia. Moreover, the proliferative index was higher in dysplastic epithelium with stained nuclei in all layers and lower in normal and transition epithelia with nuclei concentrated on the basal and parabasal layers. CONCLUSION: Dysplastic epithelium occupies larger areas. Nuclear diameter is similar in dysplastic and transition epithelia. However, the latter has uniform nuclei, in contrast with pleomorphism in dysplastic epithelium. The proliferative index (Ki-67) contributes to the differential diagnosis of intraepithelial lesions of the vocal cords, inasmuch as in severe dysplasia/in situ carcinoma there is a higher number of stained nuclei, which are seen in all epithelial layers.

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          Most cited references26

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          TNM: classificação de tumores malignos

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            Riscos ocupacionais para o câncer de laringe: um estudo caso-controle

            O tabagismo e o consumo de álcool são os fatores de risco mais bem estabelecidos para o câncer de laringe. Com relação aos fatores ocupacionais, o único carcinógeno estabelecido é a exposição a névoas de ácidos inorgânicos fortes. Entretanto, asbesto, pesticidas, tintas, gases de combustão de gasolina e diesel e poeiras, entre outros, aparecem na literatura como agentes ocupacionais que aumentam o risco de câncer de laringe. Um estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar foi conduzido para investigar fatores de risco ocupacionais para câncer de laringe. Foram coletadas informações detalhadas sobre tabagismo, consumo de álcool e história ocupacional de 122 casos de câncer de laringe e 187 controles pareados por freqüência (segundo sexo e idade). Encontrou-se risco aumentado de câncer de laringe nos indivíduos com exposição à sílica cristalina livre respirável (OR = 1,83; IC95%: 1,00-3,36), à fuligem (de carvão mineral, coque, madeira, óleo combustível) (OR = 1,78; IC95%: 1,03-3,03), a fumos em geral (OR = 2,55; IC95%: 1,14-5,67) e a animais vivos (OR = 1,80; IC95%: 1,02-3,19).
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              Alcohol and drug use among university students: gender differences.

              This study compared the pattern of alcohol, legal and illegal drugs use among students of the Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil) in 1996 and 2001. Samples of 2.564 (1996) and 2.837 (2001) students answered a questionnaire proposed by the World Health Organization, which characterizes the consumption of alcohol, legal and illegal drugs in lifetime, in the last 12 months and in the last 30 days. Men showed a significant increase in lifetime use of tobacco (44.8% to 50.9%), marijuana (33.7% to 39.5%) and hallucinogens (6.6% to 14.1%) between 1996 and 2001. No significant change was observed among women between 1996 and 2001 in tranquilizer use. Concerning the consumption reported in the last 12 months, both genders displayed significant increases in the consumption of marijuana (22.3% to 27.1% for men and 12.9% to 16.9% for women), amphetamines (1.9% to 5.0% for men and 3.4% to 5.6% for women), and inhalants (9.8% to 15.7% for men and 5.4% to 10.6% for women). The greatest gender difference was observed in consumption reported in the last 30 days with significant increases in male use of tobacco (19.6% to 23.5%), marijuana (15.8% to 20.5%), amphetamines (1.1% to 3.2%), and inhalants (4.0% to 7.9%). Substance use reported in the last 30 days remained stable among women between the 2 surveys. Rates of substance use among university students increased. These gender differences in substance consumption should be taken into account in the development of preventive and treatment strategies for undergraduate university students.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jbpml
                Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
                J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4774
                December 2012
                : 48
                : 6
                : 439-446
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                [2 ] Gerência Regional da Mata Norte
                [3 ] Prefeitura Municipal de Maceió
                [4 ] Gerência Regional de Educação Metropolitana Sul
                [5 ] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Brazil
                [6 ] Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco Brazil
                Article
                S1676-24442012000600009
                10.1590/S1676-24442012000600009
                bcb050d4-c2cd-49fb-a264-9bfc22206818

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1676-2444&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
                MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
                PATHOLOGY

                Pathology,Medicine,Clinical chemistry
                Vocal cord,Larynx,Laringe,Carcinoma in situ,Prega vocal,Antígeno Ki-67,Ki-67 antigen

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