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      Descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de árboles en pastizales Translated title: Decomposition and nutrient release from leaf litter of trees in pastures

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Los árboles dispersos en pastizales son una fuente importante de nutrientes, reciclados a través de la hojarasca que los árboles liberan anualmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de Vachellia pennatula y Lysiloma acapulcense, en un clima cálido subhúmedo. Se colocaron bolsas de descomposición y se monitoreó la humedad del suelo y temperatura ambiental bajo el dosel de los árboles y en áreas abiertas durante 32 semanas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar y se modeló la descomposición de hojarasca en cuatro tratamientos: sombra de L. acapulcense con hojarasca de L. acapulcense (1) o de V. pennatula (2); sombra de V. Pennatula con hojarasca de L. acapulcense (3) o de V. pennatula (4). Se determinó la composición química de la hojarasca. Los parámetros de calidad evaluados (relación C/N, lignina, celulosa y hemicelulosa) fueron buenos predictores del proceso de descomposición. La hojarasca remanente a las 32 semanas fue similar en todos los tratamientos (P = 0.999). En el proceso de descomposición, la constante (k) osciló entre -0.00090 y -0.00096, que denota lenta descomposición (t50 = 1.98-2.11 años, t99 = 13.2-14.0 años). El nitrógeno y el fósforo aumentaron al final del experimento debido a la probable inmovilización de estos nutrimentos por microorganismos asociados (hongos y bacterias). La descomposición y liberación de nutrientes de la hojarasca de V. pennatula y L. acapulcense en este ambiente cálido subhúmedo es relativamente lenta, independientemente del microclima generado por la sombra.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Scattered trees in pastures are an important source of nutrients recycled through leaf litter released annually. The objective was to assess the decomposition and nutrient release by leaf litter from Vachellia pennatula and Lysiloma acapulcense in a sub-humid warm climate Decomposition litterbags were set under the canopies and then collected, and soil humidity and temperatura were measured over a 32-week period. A randomized block design was used, and litter decomposition was modeled in four treatments: litter from L. acapulcense under shade from L. acapulcense (1), litter from V. pennatula under shade from L. acapulcense (2), litter from L. acapulcense under shade from V. pennatula (3), and litter from V. pennatula under shade from V. pennatula (4). Chemical composition of leaf litter was assessed. Chemical composition of leaf litter was assessed. Chemical composition variables evaluated (C/N ratio, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) were good predictors of decomposition. Remnant leaf litter at 32 weeks was similar in all treatments (P = 0.999). The decomposition rate (k) ranged from -0.00090 to -0.00096 across treatments, showing a low decomposition rate (t50 = 1.98-2.11 yr, t99 = 13.2-14.0 yr), where only litter fragmentation took place during the 32-week period, across decomposition conditions. Nitrogen and P increased at the end of the study suggesting nutrient sequestration by microorganisms (e.g. fungi and bacteria) associated with the litter during the study period. Litter decomposition and nutrient release from these tree species which have a high C/N ratio are relatively slow under sub-humid warm climate conditions.

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          Nutrient Cycling in Moist Tropical Forest

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            Ectomycorrhizal fungi - potential organic matter decomposers, yet not saprotrophs.

            Although hypothesized for many years, the involvement of ectomycorrhizal fungi in decomposition of soil organic matter remains controversial and has not yet been fully acknowledged as an important factor in the regulation of soil carbon (C) storage. Here, we review recent findings, which support the view that some ectomycorrhizal fungi have the capacity to oxidize organic matter, either by 'brown-rot' Fenton chemistry or using 'white-rot' peroxidases. We propose that ectomycorrhizal fungi benefit from organic matter decomposition primarily through increased nitrogen mobilization rather than through release of metabolic C and question the view that ectomycorrhizal fungi may act as facultative saprotrophs. Finally, we discuss how mycorrhizal decomposition may influence organic matter storage in soils and mediate responses of ecosystem C sequestration to environmental changes. © 2014 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.
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              Determination of Lignin and Cellulose in Acid-Detergent Fiber with Permanganate

              A newly developed indirect method for lignin, utilizing permanganate, permits the determination of cellulose and insoluble ash in the same sample. The new permanganate lignin method is intended as an alternative procedure to the 72% sulfuric acid method over which it offers definite advantages as well as certain disadvantages. Choice of methods will depend upon the materials analyzed and the purpose for which the values are to be used.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                era
                Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios
                Ecosistemas y recur. agropecuarios
                Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado (Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico )
                2007-9028
                2007-901X
                December 2022
                : 9
                : 3
                : e3205
                Affiliations
                [2] Xalapa orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana orgdiv1Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada Mexico
                [3] Amatlán de los Reyes orgnameColegio de Postgraduados Mexico
                [1] Xalapa orgnameColegio de Postgraduados Mexico
                Article
                S2007-90282022000300016 S2007-9028(22)00900300016
                10.19136/era.a9n3.3205
                bcc407d3-0cfe-4703-ab3f-3c903da4dcf3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 December 2022
                : 22 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                relación C/N,árboles leguminosos,Tropical soils,nutrients flow,residence time,C/N ratio,legume trees,Suelos tropicales,flujo de nutrientes,tiempo de residencia

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