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      Effectiveness of caudal septal extension graft application in endonasal septoplasty Translated title: Eficácia da aplicação de enxerto de extensão septal caudal em septoplastia endonasal

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Septal deviation is a common disease seen in daily otorhinolaryngology practice and septoplasty is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Caudal septum deviation is also a challenging pathology for ear, nose, and throat specialists. Many techniques are defined for caudal septal deviation.

          Objective

          To evaluate the effectiveness of caudal septal extension graft (CSEG) application in patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty for a short and deviated nasal septum.

          Methods

          Forty patients with nasal septal deviation, short nasal septum, and weak nasal tip support who underwent endonasal septoplasty with or without CSEG placement between August 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Twenty patients underwent endonasal septoplasty with CSEG placement. The rest of the group, who rejected auricular or costal cartilage harvest for CSEG placement, underwent only endonasal septoplasty without any additional intervention. Using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaires, pre- and post-operative acoustic rhinometer measurements were evaluated to assess the effect of CESG placement on nasal obstruction.

          Results

          In the control group, preoperative and postoperative minimal cross-sectional areas (MCA1) were 0.44 ± 0.10 cm 2 and 0.60 ± 0.11 cm 2, respectively ( p < 0.001). In the study group, pre- and postoperative MCA1 values were 0.45 ± 0.16 cm 2 and 0.67 ± 0.16 cm 2, respectively ( p < 0.01). In the control group, the nasal cavity volume (VOL1) value was 1.71 ± 0.21 mL preoperatively and 1.94 ± 0.17 mL postoperatively ( p < 0.001). In the study group, pre- and postoperative VOL1s were 1.72 ± 0.15 mL and 1.97 ± 0.12 mL, respectively ( p < 0.001). Statistical analysis of postoperative MCA1 and VOL1 values in the study and the control groups could not detect any significant intergroup difference ( p = 0.093 and 0.432, respectively). In the study group, mean nasolabial angles were 78.15 ± 4.26° and 90.70 ± 2.38°, respectively ( p < 0.001).

          Conclusion

          Endonasal septoplasty with CESG placement is an effective surgical procedure with minimal complication rate for subjects who have a deviated, short nasal septum and weak nasal tip support.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          Desvio septal é doença comum no cotidiano da prática otorrinolaringológica, e a septoplastia é procedimento cirúrgico comumente realizado. Desvio caudal do septo nasal é também uma condição desafiadora para os otorrinolaringologistas. São muitas as técnicas definidas para desvio caudal do septo nasal.

          Objetivo

          Avaliar a eficácia da aplicação de enxerto de extensão septal caudal (EESC) em pacientes que passaram por septoplastia endonasal devido a septo nasal curto e com desvio.

          Método

          Foram recrutados para o estudo, 40 pacientes com desvio de septo nasal, septo nasal curto e fraca sustentação da ponta do nariz, tratados com septoplastia endonasal com ou sem a aplicação de EESC, entre agosto de 2012 e junho de 2013. Ao todo, 20 pacientes foram tratados com septoplastia endonasal com aplicação de EESC. O restante do grupo, que rejeitou coleta de cartilagem auricular ou costal para a aplicação de EESC, foi tratado apenas com septoplastia endonasal, sem qualquer outra intervenção. Com a aplicação dos questionários NOSE ( Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation, Avaliação dos Sintomas de Obstrução Nasal) e ROE ( Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation, Avaliação dos Desfechos da Rinoplastia), as mensurações pré e pós-operatórias com o rinômetro acústico foram obtidas com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de EESC na obstrução nasal.

          Resultados

          No grupo controle, as áreas de secção transversal mínima (ASTM1) antes e depois da operação foram 0,44 ± 0,10 cm 2 e 0,60 ± 0,11 cm 2, respectivamente ( p < 0,001). No grupo de estudo, os valores antes e depois da operação para ASTM1 foram 0,45 ± 0,16 cm 2 e 0,67 ± 0,16 cm 2, respectivamente ( p < 0,01). No grupo controle, o valor para os volumes da cavidade nasal (VOL1) foi 1,71 ± 0,21 mL no pré-operatório e 1,94 ± 0,17 mL no pós-operatório ( p < 0,001). No grupo de estudo, os VOL1 antes e depois da operação foram 1,72 ± 0,15 mL e 1,97 ± 0,12 mL, respectivamente ( p < 0,001). A análise estatística dos valores pós-operatórios para ASTM1 e VOL1 nos grupos de estudo e controle não permitiu a detecção de qualquer diferença intergrupos ( p = 0,093 e 0,432, respectivamente). No grupo de estudo e no grupo controle, os ângulos nasolabiais médios foram 78,15 ± 4,26° e 90,70 ± 2,38°, respectivamente ( p < 0,001).

          Conclusão

          A septoplastia endonasal com aplicação de EESC é um procedimento cirúrgico efetivo, com mínimo percentual de complicações para pacientes que se apresentam com septo nasal curto e com desvio e com fraca sustentação da ponta do nariz.

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          Most cited references4

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          Septal extension grafts: a method of controlling tip projection shape.

          Failure to control the projection, shape, and rotation of the nasal tip is a common occurrence among patients with weak lower lateral cartilages. These patients' noses are characterized by a weak midvault, a plunging tip with "Polly beak," and drawn-up alae. The purpose of our study was to identify methods for controlling the position and shape of the nasal tip in these high-risk patients. Twenty patients at risk of losing nasal tip projection were retrospectively identified, and measurements made from their preoperative and postoperative photographs were compared. Loss of tip projection occurred in all but one patient whose columella strut was fixed to the caudal septum. Prompted by these failures, we studied the relationship between the dorsum and tip in cadaveric specimens with and without a supratip break. From our observations, a structural extension of the septum-an anterior septal extension graft-was developed to predictably control this relationship. The clinical application of septal extension grafts in open rhinoplasty was subsequently evaluated in 20 patients who were deemed to be at risk of losing tip projection. Postoperative photographic analysis showed nasal tip projection to be maintained or increased in all but one patient with the use of septal extension grafts. A stable caudal septum is essential to the success of the technique.
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            Septal batten graft to correct cartilaginous deformities in endonasal septoplasty.

            To evaluate the usefulness of septal batten grafts to correct cartilaginous septal deformities in endonasal septoplasty.
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              Ethmoid bone sandwich grafting for caudal septal defects.

              To evaluate a new technique for correction of severe caudal septal defects. For all patients, preoperative photographs were graded with regard to the severity of caudal septal defects. Preoperatively, nasal airway breathing surveys were conducted and nasal tip projection (NTP) measurements were recorded. The caudal septal defects were then repaired with use of the ethmoid bone sandwich grafting technique. Photographs, NTP measurements, and an airway survey were then repeated 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were compared and analyzed. Lateral nasal roentgenograms were obtained in five of 10 patients to assess resorption of the bone grafts. Complications were noted if present. Urban medical center. Ten volunteers with severe caudal septal defects causing both cosmetic and functional problems. All patients had undergone at least one previous submucous resection. Durability and degree of correction, maintenance of NTP, airway improvement, and morbidity. After 1 year, all patients maintained satisfactory correction of their caudal septal defect based on postoperative photographic grading and physical examination findings. The NTP was maintained in eight of 10 patients. Two patients experienced loss of NTP after 1 year that was not present 6 months postoperatively. Average airway improvement was 126.7% after 1 year. Postoperative roentgenograms showed only minor (< 10%) bone graft resorption. The only complication was a granuloma. The ethmoid bone sandwich grafting technique corrected severe caudal septal deviations while maintaining or strengthening structural support of the caudal septal strut without loss of NTP, airway compromise, or morbidity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                20 April 2016
                Jan-Feb 2017
                20 April 2016
                : 83
                : 1
                : 59-65
                Affiliations
                [a ]Ankara Training and Research Hospital ENT Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
                [b ]Bulent Ecevit University, ENT Clinic, Zonguldak, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. ilkerakyildiz@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S1808-8694(16)30032-5
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.01.014
                9444777
                27184923
                bd1be187-f59a-4292-8cda-73178d303f17
                © 2016 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 8 October 2015
                : 18 January 2016
                Categories
                Original Article

                nasal septum,nasal cartilage,nasal obstruction,intranasal surgery,grafting,septo nasal,cartilagem nasal,obstrução nasal,cirurgia intranasal,aplicação de enxerto

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