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      New quality and quantity indices in science (NewQIS): results of the first decade—project progress review

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          Abstract

          Strategies employing information science and scientometric approaches were introduced to science policy and management over the past decades. As a rapidly evolving field, new bibliometric parameters are proposed and discussed continuously and the fields also benefits from the introduction of novel visualization techniques. The present article summarizes the experiences with a platform that combines geographical mapping with scientometrics. It was established between 2005 and 2008 at the Charité in Berlin and termed “New Quality and Quantity Indices in Science” (NewQIS), consisting of the integration of common scientometric parameters such as the h-index and novel visualization techniques including density equalizing mapping. NewQIS was used to assess socio-economic important fields of medicine and sciences. Within NewQIS studies, research activities, citation patterns and their relation to socio-economic figures were analyzed with regard to time periods, countries, continents or even single cities. Within the decade after its establishment, more than 80 NewQIS articles were peer-reviewed and published. Being a non-funded low budget project, it was used by many medical students to conduct their MD thesis. The narrow technical frame led to the chance of a comparison of research output between different fields of science. This article summarizes NewQIS 1.0 activities, discusses its limits and gives a look into the future of NewQIS 2.0 with a target of 200 evaluated entities of the biomedical field of sciences.

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          The Matthew Effect in Science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered.

          R K Merton (1968)
          This account of the Matthew effect is another small exercise in the psychosociological analysis of the workings of science as a social institution. The initial problem is transformed by a shift in theoretical perspective. As originally identified, the Matthew effect was construed in terms of enhancement of the position of already eminent scientists who are given disproportionate credit in cases of collaboration or of independent multiple discoveries. Its significance was thus confined to its implications for the reward system of science. By shifting the angle of vision, we note other possible kinds of consequences, this time for the communication system of science. The Matthew effect may serve to heighten the visibility of contributions to science by scientists of acknowledged standing and to reduce the visibility of contributions by authors who are less well known. We examine the psychosocial conditions and mechanisms underlying this effect and find a correlation between the redundancy function of multiple discoveries and the focalizing function of eminent men of science-a function which is reinforced by the great value these men place upon finding basic problems and by their self-assurance. This self-assurance, which is partly inherent, partly the result of experiences and associations in creative scientific environments, and partly a result of later social validation of their position, encourages them to search out risky but important problems and to highlight the results of their inquiry. A macrosocial version of the Matthew principle is apparently involved in those processes of social selection that currently lead to the concentration of scientific resources and talent (50).
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            Does the h index have predictive power?

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              Is Open Access

              Study flow diagrams in Cochrane systematic review updates: an adapted PRISMA flow diagram

              Cochrane systematic reviews are conducted and reported according to rigorous standards. A study flow diagram must be included in a new review, and there is clear guidance from the PRISMA statement on how to do this. However, for a review update, there is currently no guidance on how study flow diagrams should be presented. To address this, a working group was formed to find a solution and produce guidance on how to use these diagrams in review updates. A number of different options were devised for how these flow diagrams could be used in review updates, and also in cases where multiple searches for a review or review update have been conducted. These options were circulated to the Cochrane information specialist community for consultation and feedback. Following the consultation period, the working group refined the guidance and made the recommendation that for review updates an adapted PRISMA flow diagram should be used, which includes an additional box with the number of previously included studies feeding into the total. Where multiple searches have been conducted, the results should be added together and treated as one set of results. There is no existing guidance for using study flow diagrams in review updates. Our adapted diagram is a simple and pragmatic solution for showing the flow of studies in review updates.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +49 69 6301 6650 , occup-med@uni-frankfurt.de
                Journal
                Scientometrics
                Scientometrics
                Scientometrics
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                0138-9130
                1588-2861
                13 July 2019
                2019
                : 121
                : 1
                : 451-478
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9721, GRID grid.7839.5, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, , Goethe University Frankfurt, ; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9721, GRID grid.7839.5, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, , Goethe University Frankfurt, ; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2218 4662, GRID grid.6363.0, Division of Information Technology, , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, ; Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2218 4662, GRID grid.6363.0, Division of Allergy Research, , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University, ; Thielallee 68, 14195 Berlin, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-6556
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-9872
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-2118
                Article
                3188
                10.1007/s11192-019-03188-8
                7089293
                32214551
                bebd9c86-3798-4186-9ad3-c6e0c9c80078
                © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2019

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                : 3 April 2019
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2019

                Computer science
                scientometrics,bibliometrics,spatiotemporal analyses,space–time geographies,spatial analyses,geographic cartography,choropleth mapping

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