For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
11
views
60
references
 Top references
cited by
3
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      575
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Monosodium L-glutamate and fats change free fatty acid concentrations in intestinal contents and affect free fatty acid receptors express profile in growing pigs

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome continue to be major public health problems. Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) may cause metabolic diseases such as obesity. Meanwhile, the Chinese population has undergone rapid transition to a high-fat diet. There is little information available on the effect of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on free fatty acids (FFAs), lipid metabolism and FFA receptors.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MSG and fat alone, or in combination, on intestinal luminal FFAs and expression of gastrointestinal FFA receptors. The aim was also to test whether dietary fat and/or MSG could affect expression of genes related to fatty acid metabolism.

          Design

          A total of 32 growing pigs were used and fed with four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets. Pigs in the four treatments received diets with one of two fat concentrations levels (4.4 and 9.4%) and one of two MSG dose levels (0 and 3%), in which most of the fat were brought by soybean oil. The concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum and colon, long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in ileum, cecum and colon, and FFAs receptors expression in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract were determined.

          Results

          MSG and/or fat changed intestinal luminal SCFAs, levels of LCFAs, and showed an antagonistic effect on most of LCFAs. Simultaneously, MSG and/or fat decreased the expression of FFA receptors in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. MSG and/or fat promoted fat deposition through different ways in back fat.

          Conclusion

          Our results support that MSG and/or fat can alter intestinal luminal FFAs composition and concentration, especially LCFAs, in addition, the expression of FFA receptors in ileum and hypothalamus could be decreased. Moreover, MSG and/or fat can promote protein deposition in back fat, and affect the distribution and metabolism of fatty acids in the body tissues and the body’s ability to perceive fatty acids; these results provide a reference for the occurrence of fat deposition and obesity caused by high-fat and monosodium glutamate diet.

          Related collections

          Most cited references60

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon.

          Dallas R Donohoe, Nikhil Garge, Xinxin Zhang … (2011)
          The microbiome is being characterized by large-scale sequencing efforts, yet it is not known whether it regulates host metabolism in a general versus tissue-specific manner or which bacterial metabolites are important. Here, we demonstrate that microbiota have a strong effect on energy homeostasis in the colon compared to other tissues. This tissue specificity is due to colonocytes utilizing bacterially produced butyrate as their primary energy source. Colonocytes from germfree mice are in an energy-deprived state and exhibit decreased expression of enzymes that catalyze key steps in intermediary metabolism including the TCA cycle. Consequently, there is a marked decrease in NADH/NAD(+), oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP levels, which results in AMPK activation, p27(kip1) phosphorylation, and autophagy. When butyrate is added to germfree colonocytes, it rescues their deficit in mitochondrial respiration and prevents them from undergoing autophagy. The mechanism is due to butyrate acting as an energy source rather than as an HDAC inhibitor. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 714 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Functional characterization of human receptors for short chain fatty acids and their role in polymorphonuclear cell activation.

            Emmanuel Le Poul, Cécile Loison, Sofie Struyf … (2003)
            Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced at high concentration by bacteria in the gut and subsequently released in the bloodstream. Basal acetate concentrations in the blood (about 100 microm) can further increase to millimolar concentrations following alcohol intake. It was known previously that SCFAs can activate leukocytes, particularly neutrophils. In the present work, we have identified two previously orphan G protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, as receptors for SCFAs. Propionate was the most potent agonist for both GPR41 and GPR43. Acetate was more selective for GPR43, whereas butyrate and isobutyrate were more active on GPR41. The two receptors were coupled to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation, intracellular Ca2+ release, ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition of cAMP accumulation. They exhibited, however, a differential coupling to G proteins; GPR41 coupled exclusively though the Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o family, whereas GPR43 displayed a dual coupling through Gi/o and Pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq protein families. The broad expression profile of GPR41 in a number of tissues does not allow us to infer clear hypotheses regarding its biological functions. In contrast, the highly selective expression of GPR43 in leukocytes, particularly polymorphonuclear cells, suggests a role in the recruitment of these cell populations toward sites of bacterial infection. The pharmacology of GPR43 matches indeed the effects of SCFAs on neutrophils, in terms of intracellular Ca2+ release and chemotaxis. Such a neutrophil-specific SCFA receptor is potentially involved in the development of a variety of diseases characterized by either excessive or inefficient neutrophil recruitment and activation, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or alcoholism-associated immune depression. GPR43 might therefore constitute a target allowing us to modulate immune responses in these pathological situations.
            Article 0 comments Cited 569 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Roles of short-chain fatty acids receptors, GPR41 and GPR43 on colonic functions.

              S-I Karaki, R. Tanaka, A. Kuwahara … (2008)
              Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major anions in the large intestine. They are produced by a bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs are known to have a variety of physiological and pathphysiological effects on intestine. However, the mechanisms by which intraluminal SCFAs are sensed are not known. In 2003, two orphan G protein coupled receptors (GPRs), GPR41 and GPR43, have been cloned and demonstrated to be receptors for SCFAs. Thus, we had attempted to make antibodies raised against GPR43 and GPR41 to elucidate the roles of SCFAs on colonic functions. We have also evaluated the effects of SCFAs on colonic motility to define the physiological roles on luminal SCFAs. In rat and human colon, GPR43 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in extracts of whole wall and separated mucosa, but not in muscle plus submucosa extract. By immunohistochemistry, GPR43 immunoreactivity was localized with enteroendocrine cells expressing peptide YY, whereas 5-HT immunoreactive enteroendocrine cells were not immunoreactive for GPR43. GPR41 immunoreactivity was also found in human colon. In functional studies, propionate and butyrate concentration-dependently (10 microM - 10 mM) induced phasic and tonic contractions in rat colonic circular muscle. The propionate-induced phasic contraction was attenuated by atropine, tetrodotoxin and the 5-HT(4) receptor antagonists SB204070. However, acetate did not induce phasic or tonic contractions. Propionate-induced responses were not observed in mucosal free preparations. The present results suggest that the SCFA-induced physiological effects on colonic functions might be attributable to the activation of SCFA receptors on epithelial cells in the colon.
              Article 0 comments Cited 114 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Nutr Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Nutr Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): FNR
                Title: Food & Nutrition Research
                Publisher: Open Academia
                ISSN (Electronic): 1654-661X
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 July 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 63
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1444
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
                [2 ]Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
                [3 ]Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
                [4 ]Guangdong Wangda Group Academician Workstation for Clean Feed Technology Research and Development in Swine, Guangdong Wangda Group Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
                [5 ]Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
                Author notes
                [* ] Dr Zemeng Feng, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mapoling of Changsha City, Hunan Province, P.R. China. Tel: (86)-731-84619706, Fax: (86)-731-84612685. Email: zemengfeng2006@ 123456163.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1444
                DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1444
                PMC ID: 6642617
                SO-VID: bef66ada-c66f-42ce-bc4a-14ec50cf2275
                Copyright © © 2019 Yun Su et al.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

                History
                Date received : 24 May 2019
                Date revision received : 15 June 2019
                Date accepted : 19 June 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: monosodium l-glutamate,fat,free fatty acid,intestinal luminal,free fatty acids receptors,lipid metabolism
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: monosodium l-glutamate, fat, free fatty acid, intestinal luminal, free fatty acids receptors, lipid metabolism

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content575

                See all similar

                Cited by3

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,098

                See all reference authors