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      Rapid expansion of international new ventures across institutional distance

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          Abstract

          Rapid export expansion into institutionally distant locations has become more possible in the era of digital economy. Will such rapid expansion bring desirable outcome to firms? In a context of international new ventures (INVs) from emerging markets, we reconceptualize export expansion speed as the pace of exporting across institutional distance over a certain period of time. We then examine the relationship between rapid export expansion across institutional distance and overall firm performance. We incorporate directionality into export expansion and hypothesize the relationship to be positive when INVs export upwardly to more open countries, yet the relationship to be negative when INVs export downwardly to less open countries. We also hypothesize that the degree of market liberalization in subnational regions of origin of the INVs moderates the above speed–performance relationships. Instrumental variable models based on data of Chinese indigenous INVs during 2000–2009 support these hypotheses. This study both zooms in and zooms out the analytical lens along the location-related institutional axis, examines the joint effect of institutions involved in supranational directions and subnational origins on firm performance, and advances institutional theory.

          Résumé

          L’expansion rapide des exportations dans des localisations institutionnellement éloignées est devenue plus facile à l’ère de l’économie numérique. Cette expansion rapide apporte-t-elle des résultats souhaitables aux entreprises? Dans le contexte des nouvelles entreprises internationales (NEI) issues des marchés émergents, nous reconceptualisons la vitesse d’expansion des exportations comme le rythme d’exportation selon la distance institutionnelle pour une certaine période de temps. Nous examinons ensuite la relation entre l’expansion rapide des exportations selon la distance institutionnelle et la performance globale de l’entreprise. Nous intégrons la directionalité à l’expansion des exportations et faisons l’hypothèse que la relation est positive lorsque les NEI exportent plus vers des pays plus ouverts; et que la relation est négative lorsque les NEI exportent moins vers des pays moins ouverts. Nous faisons également l’hypothèse que le niveau de libéralisation du marché dans les régions sous-nationales d’origine des NEI modère positivement les relations vitesse-performance mentionnées plus haut. Des modèles de variables instrumentales fondées sur les données de NEI indigènes chinoises entre 2000 et 2009 confirment ces hypothèses. Avec une lentille analytique, cette étude fait un zoom avant et arrière sur l’axe institutionnel relatif à la localisation, examine l’effet conjoint - sur la performance des entreprises - des institutions impliquées dans les orientations supranationales et des origines infranationales, et fait progresser la théorie institutionnelle.

          Resumen

          La rápida expansión de las exportaciones a lugares institucionalmente distantes ha sido más posible en la era de la economía digital. ¿Traerá esta rápida expansión resultados deseables para las empresas? En un contexto de nuevas iniciativas internacionales (INVs) de mercados emergentes, re-conceptualizamos la velocidad de expansión exportadora como el ritmo de exportación a través de la distancia institucional durante un cierto periodo de tiempo. A continuación, examinamos la relación entre la rápida expansión de las exportaciones a través de la distancia institucional y el desempeño general de la empresa. Incorporamos la direccionalidad en la expansión de las exportaciones y planteamos la hipótesis que la relación sea positiva cuando las nuevas iniciativas internacionales exportan ascendentemente a países más abiertos; aunque la relación sea negativa cuando las nuevas iniciativas internacionales exportan descendentemente a países menos abiertos. También planteamos la hipótesis que el grado de liberalización del mercado en regiones sub-nacionales de donde son originarias las nuevas iniciativas internacionales modera positivamente las relaciones de velocidad-desempeño. Los modelos de variables instrumentales basados en datos de nuevas iniciativas internacionales chinas durante 2000-2009 apoyan están hipótesis. Este estudio tanto acerca como aleja los lentes analíticos a lo largo del eje institucional de la localización, examina el efecto conjunto de las instituciones involucradas en direcciones supranacionales y orígenes sub-nacionales en el desempeño de las empresas, y avanza la teoría institucional.

          Resumo

          A rápida expansão das exportações para locais institucionalmente distantes tornou-se mais viável na era da economia digital. Essa expansão rápida proporcionará resultados desejáveis ​​às empresas? Em um contexto de novos empreendimentos internacionais (INVs) de mercados emergentes, reconceitualizamos a velocidade de expansão de exportações como o ritmo de exportação através da distância institucional durante um determinado período de tempo. Em seguida, examinamos a relação entre a expansão rápida das exportações através da distância institucional e o desempenho global da empresa. Nós incorporamos direcionalidade na expansão das exportações e levantamos a hipótese de que o relacionamento seja positivo quando os INVs exportam para cima para países mais abertos; no entanto, o relacionamento é negativo quando INVs exportam para baixo para países menos abertos. Também levantamos a hipótese de que o grau de liberalização do mercado nas regiões subnacionais de origem dos INVs modera positivamente as relações de velocidade e desempenho acima. Modelos com variáveis instrumentais baseados em dados de INVs chineses durante 2000-2009 sustentam essas hipóteses. Este estudo envolve e amplia a lente analítica ao longo do eixo institucional relacionado à localização, examina o efeito conjunto das instituições envolvidas em direções supranacionais e origens subnacionais no desempenho da empresa, e avança a teoria institucional.

          摘要

          快速出口扩张至制度距离较远的地区在数字经济时代已经变得更有可能。这样的快速扩张会给公司带来满意的结果吗? 在来自新兴市场的国际新创企业 (INV) 的情境下, 我们重新概念化, 将出口扩张速度定义为一段时间内跨越制度距离的出口速度 。 我们然后考察跨越制度距离的快速出口扩张与公司整体业绩之间的关系。我们将方向性纳入出口扩张, 并假设当INVs向上出口到较开放国家时该关系为正;而当INVs向下出口到较不开放国家时该关系为负。我们也假设, INVs 起源地区的市场自由化程度调节上述的速度-业绩关系。基于2000-2009年中国本土INVs数据的工具变量模型支持这些假设。本研究在与位置相关的制度轴线上放大和缩小分析镜头, 探讨涉及超国家方向和亚国家来源地的制度对公司业绩的共同影响, 并推进制度理论。

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          Most cited references70

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              Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data

              This graduate text provides an intuitive but rigorous treatment of contemporary methods used in microeconometric research. The book makes clear that applied microeconometrics is about the estimation of marginal and treatment effects, and that parametric estimation is simply a means to this end. It also clarifies the distinction between causality and statistical association. The book focuses specifically on cross section and panel data methods. Population assumptions are stated separately from sampling assumptions, leading to simple statements as well as to important insights. The unified approach to linear and nonlinear models and to cross section and panel data enables straightforward coverage of more advanced methods. The numerous end-of-chapter problems are an important component of the book. Some problems contain important points not fully described in the text, and others cover new ideas that can be analyzed using tools presented in the current and previous chapters. Several problems require the use of the data sets located at the author's website.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Journal of International Business Studies
                J Int Bus Stud
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0047-2506
                1478-6990
                October 2018
                October 01 2018
                October 2018
                : 49
                : 8
                : 1010-1032
                Article
                10.1057/s41267-017-0108-6
                bf21443d-0470-4124-9eeb-a8ed111cdb17
                © 2018

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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