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      Short and long-term impact of pharmacovigilance training on the pharmacovigilance knowledge of medical students

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          The aim of this study was to evaluate the short and long-term impact of pharmacovigilance (PV) training on the 5 th year medical students’ knowledge about definitions and on the awareness of the regulatory aspects in PV.

          Materials and Methods:

          In academic year 2010/11, the students completed structured, questionnaire before and just after training. They also completed the same questionnaire 1-year after the training.

          Results:

          The students’ knowledge about PV significantly increased after training in the short term ( P < 0.001). However, the improvement decreased significantly in the long-term ( P < 0.001). Although long-term scores were higher than the baseline score, the difference was not statistically significant. Total scores were 17.5 ± 2.0, 20.8 ± 2.0 and 18.0 ± 2.5; before, at short and long-term after the training.

          Conclusion:

          PV training increased the students’ knowledge significantly. However, in the long-term, the impact of the training is limited. Repeated training of PV should be planned.

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          Most cited references19

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          An evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and practice of adverse drug reaction reporting among prescribers at a tertiary care hospital

          Objectives: Spontaneous reporting is an important tool in pharmacovigilance. However, its success depends on cooperative and motivated prescribers. Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by prescribers is a common problem. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) regarding ADR reporting among prescribers at the Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, to get an insight into the causes of under-reporting of ADRs. Materials and Methods: A pretested KAP questionnaire comprising of 15 questions (knowledge 6, attitude 5, and practice 4) was administered to 436 prescribers. The questionnaires were assessed for their completeness (maximum score 20) and the type of responses regarding ADR reporting. Microsoft Excel worksheet (Microsoft Office 2007) and Chi-Square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 260 (61%) prescribers completed the questionnaire (mean score of completion 18.04). The response rate of resident doctors (70.7%) was better than consultants (34.5%) (P < 0.001). ADR reporting was considered important by 97.3% of the respondents; primarily for improving patient safety (28.8%) and identifying new ADRs (24.6%). A majority of the respondents opined that they would like to report serious ADRs (56%). However, only 15% of the prescribers had reported ADRs previously. The reasons cited for this were lack of information on where (70%) and how (68%) to report and the lack of access to reporting forms (49.2%). Preferred methods for reporting were e-mail (56%) and personal communication (42%). Conclusion: The prescribers are aware of the ADRs and the importance of their reporting. However, under reporting and lack of knowledge about the reporting system are clearly evident. Creating awareness about ADR reporting and devising means to make it easy and convenient may aid in improving spontaneous reporting.
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            Interns' knowledge of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics after undergraduate and on-going internship training in Nigeria: a pilot study

            Background A sound knowledge of pathophysiology of a disease and clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) of a drug is required for safe and rational prescribing. The aim of this study was therefore to assess how adequately the undergraduate CPT teaching had prepared interns in Nigeria for safe and rational prescribing and retrospectively, to know how they wanted the undergraduate curriculum to be modified so as to improve appropriate prescribing. The effect of internship training on the prescribing ability of the interns was also sought. Methods A total of 100 interns were randomly selected from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja; Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idiaraba; General Hospital Lagos (GHL); the EKO Hospital, Ikeja; and Havana Specialist Hospital, Surulere. A structured questionnaire was the instrument of study. The questionnaire sought information about the demographics of the interns, their undergraduate CPT teaching, experience of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug interactions since starting work, confidence in drug usage and, in retrospect; any perceived deficiencies in their undergraduate CPT teaching. Results The response rate was 81%. All the respondents graduated from universities in Nigeria. The ability of the interns to prescribe rationally (66, 81.4%) and safely (47, 58%) was provided by undergraduate CPT teaching. Forty two (51.8%) respondents had problems with prescription writing. The interns would likely prescribe antibiotics (71, 87.6%), nonsteroidal analgesics (66, 81.4%), diuretics (55, 67.9%), sedatives (52, 62.9%), and insulin and oral hypoglycaemics (43, 53%) with confidence and unsupervised. The higher the numbers of clinical rotations done, the more confident were the respondents to prescribe unsupervised (χ2 = 19.98, P < 0.001). Similarly, respondents who had rotated through the four major clinical rotations and at least a special posting (χ2 = 11.57, P < 0.001) or four major clinical rotations only (χ2 = 11.25, P < 0.001) were significantly more confident to prescribe drugs unsupervised. Conclusion Undergraduate CPT teaching in Nigeria appears to be deficient. Principles of rational prescribing, drug dose calculation in children and pharmacovigilance should be the focus of undergraduate CPT teaching and should be taught both theoretically and practically. Medical students and interns should be periodically assessed on prescribing knowledge and skills during their training as a means of minimizing prescribing errors.
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              Adverse drug reaction monitoring: knowledge, attitude and practices of medical students and prescribers.

              Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute to excessive health care costs through increased patient morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is an urgent need to create awareness among physicians towards ADR monitoring. The present study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of fifth semester undergraduate students and prescribers (interns, junior residents and senior residents) towards the recording and reporting of ADRs. The fifth semester MB,BS undergraduate students (n=107) and prescribers (n=l 17) working in different disciplines of Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated hospitals were given a questionnaire to answer. The responses of the undergraduate students were compared with those of prescribers. Knowledge about definition, classification, objectives and methods of ADR monitoring was found to be comparable in both groups. Spontaneous and intensive methods of ADR monitoring were known to the majority of participants of both groups. Attitude and practices of the prescribers were significantly (p<0.01 ) better with regard to the status of ADR monitoring in the institute. A significantly higher (p<0.001) proportion of prescribers (82%) as compared to the undergraduate students (64.5%), felt that ADRs should be reported both when it causes inconvenience to the patient as well as death. ADRs were encountered by both undergraduates (46%) and prescribers (66%) during their clinical project exercises and patient care, respectively. Commonly encountered ADRs were allergic reactions, symptoms of upper gastrointestinal irritation, extrapyramidal symptoms and hepatitis. The common offending groups of drugs causing these ADRs were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antidopaminergics and chemotherapeutic agents. A majority of ADRs were suspected and subsided on their own by either stopping the drug or reducing its dose. The knowledge, attitude and practices of both undergraduates and prescribers were comparable but need further improvement. This suggests the need for suitable changes in the undergraduate teaching curriculum. Further, the prescribers also need periodic reinforcement regardingADR monitoring.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Indian J Pharmacol
                Indian J Pharmacol
                IJPharm
                Indian Journal of Pharmacology
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0253-7613
                1998-3751
                Jul-Aug 2015
                : 47
                : 4
                : 436-439
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
                [1 ]Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. M. Aylin Arici, E-mail: aylin.akgun@ 123456deu.edu.tr
                Article
                IJPharm-47-436
                10.4103/0253-7613.161272
                4527068
                26288478
                c042a6d0-66cf-464a-a1c3-da66bc6a027c
                Copyright: © Indian Journal of Pharmacology

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 May 2014
                : 05 September 2014
                : 20 April 2015
                Categories
                Short Communication

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                awareness,impact,knowledge,medical training,pharmacovigilance

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