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      「ばかり」の「限定」と遊離数量詞 Translated title: “Exclusivity” and quantifier float in  bakari Translated title: “Exclusivity” and quantifier float in&nbsp;<i>bakari</i>

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          Abstract

          本稿は,とりたて詞「ばかり」の意味を再考する記述的研究である。従来とりたて詞「ばかり」は限定を表す一方で非該当例を許容する特徴を持つことが指摘されてきた。このため「ばかり」の意味を限定ではないと示唆・主張する研究も見られる。これに対し,本稿では,「ばかり」が遊離数量詞と共起する場合に非該当例を許容しない現象の分析から,「ばかり」の意味を「限定」とすべきであると主張する。本稿では,先行研究を踏まえ,以下のことを明らかにする。「ばかり」の意味解釈のために話者が認知的経験記憶により設定する主観的な集合は,必ずしも現実世界と一致しない場合があるが,遊離数量詞の特徴により,これと「ばかり」が共起する場合は,当該の集合を形成する事態の数量が,現実世界の事態の数量と常に一致する解釈となる。この際,「ばかり」は非該当例を許容しない。従来指摘された非該当例が許容される解釈は,話者が設定する集合が現実世界より狭い範囲で設定され,当該集合の外部に非該当例が存在する場合の解釈と考えるべきである。このことから「ばかり」の意味は非該当例を許容しない「限定」と考えるのが妥当である。

          Translated abstract

          This paper presents a descriptive study that analyzes the semantic meaning of Toritate focus particle bakari. Previous studies reported that, although bakari expresses exclusivity, it is characterized by the fact that it permits non-applicable cases, thereby drawing the conclusion that the meaning of bakari is not exclusivity. This paper argues that bakari does indeed denote “exclusivity” as bakari is supported by the phenomenon that non-applicable cases are unacceptable when bakari co-occurs with floating quantifiers. Considering existing research on this subject, the following was observed. Even though the subjective set, as established by the speaker’s past experiences to interpret the meaning of bakari, may not be consistent with the real world, the number of events that form the said set match the number of real-world events when bakari co-occurs with floating quantifiers due to the characteristics of floating quantifiers. In such cases, bakari does not permit non-applicable cases. The interpretation that permits non-applicable cases applies to situations where the set established by the speaker is fixed at a narrower range than the real world, and the non-applicable cases exist outside the set. We thus conclude that bakari denotes “exclusivity” that does not permit non-applicable cases.

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          Most cited references14

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          「「いつも」と「常に」の意味」

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data CurationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project AdministrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – Original Draft PreparationRole: Writing – Review & Editing
                Role: Data CurationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: InvestigationRole: Writing – Review & Editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project AdministrationRole: Writing – Review & Editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal AnalysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project AdministrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – Review & Editing
                Journal
                F1000Res
                F1000Res
                F1000Research
                F1000 Research Limited (London, UK )
                2046-1402
                14 December 2021
                2021
                : 10
                : 1276
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
                [2 ]Doctoral Program in Literature and Linguistics, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
                [1 ]Faculty of Letters, Kokugakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
                University of Tsukuba, Japan
                [1 ]Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
                University of Tsukuba, Japan
                [1 ]Gakushuin Women's College, Tokyo, Japan
                University of Tsukuba, Japan
                [1 ]Faculty of Letters/Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
                University of Tsukuba, Japan
                Author notes

                No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

                Article
                10.12688/f1000research.55582.1
                9277704
                35903218
                c1c4c617-1eb3-4fe0-83ee-d315f81f924c
                Copyright: © 2021 Otsuka T et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 14 September 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: University of Tsukuba
                This paper was supported by the University of Tsukuba Gateway (F1000) Article Submission Support Program from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba. 本稿を発表するにあたり,筑波大学人文社会系より「筑波大学ゲートウェイ(F1000)論文投稿支援プログラム」による支援を受けている。
                The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Articles

                とりたて詞,ばかり,遊離数量詞,限定,toritate focus particle,bakari,exclusivity,floating quantifiers

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