“Double-surgical-mask-with-slit” method: reducing exposure to aerosol generation at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the risk of spread of disease through infected aerosols. Thus, as any endoscopic procedure involving the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as an aerosol-generating procedure, it mandates the use of full personal protective equipment 1 . As aerosols may remain airborne within the endoscopy room for hours, several novel devices have been proposed for their further containment 2 3 . In order to reduce environmental contamination with potentially infective aerosols, we developed a simple and inexpensive double surgical mask with a slit to be used for patient wear during endoscopy procedures involving the upper GI tract. This method uses two disposable surgical masks, taped over each other. Scissors are used to cut a narrow slit of length 1.2 cm that will just allow snug passage of the endoscope ( Fig. 1 ). The double mask is then worn by the patient, covering the mouthguard and oxygen delivery cannulas. Despite its snug fit, the narrow slit still allows easy passage of the endoscope ( Fig. 2 ) and any required suction of the oral cavity, while the double mask itself (and its curtain-like slit) minimizes any “leakage” of generated aerosols. Fig. 1  Mitigation of aerosol infection risk during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: simple construction of the “double surgical mask with slit.” a Two individual universal surgical masks. b The masks are taped together to form a double surgical mask. c A narrow slit (length 1.2 cm) is cut through the double mask, using scissors. Fig. 2  The “double surgical mask with slit” being used in clinical practice during anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy. Surgical mask use appears to truncate the “shotgun effect” of how aerosols travel through the air at the point of generation 4 . We have drawn on this principle to adapt these universally available and inexpensive materials to reduce exposure to potentially infective aerosols during endoscopic procedures involving the upper GI tract. Although we appreciate that studies to quantify any mitigation of aerosol risk would be required, from our experience, this simple method could be widely applied in routine clinical practice, as also discussed recently at the international webinar “COVID-19 in endoscopy: time to move forward?” hosted by the European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) 5 .