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      Timectomía por miastenia gravis en el Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia: Reporte de 24 casos

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          Abstract

          Antecedentes: La miastenia gravis es una enfermedad autoinmune cuya etiología aún no está claramente definida. Desde 1912 se describió mejoría del cuadro posterior a timectomía. Este procedimiento es actualmente una de las formas aceptadas para su tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar los resultados de la timectomía para el tratamiento de la miastenia gravis en el Hospital Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, basado en la revisión de los expedientes de 24 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó timectomía como parte de su tratamiento de miastenia gravis entre enero de 1992 y mayo de 1999, en el Hospital Dr. Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia. Resultados: Se encontró que un 75% de los pacientes presentaron una franca mejoría, 17% permaneció en igual condición y un 8% empeoró. No se observó diferencia en la evolución por sexo, edad o la presencia de timoma, sin embargo en los pacientes que presentaban únicamente síntomas oculares se dio una tendencia a persistir sintomáticos. Se observó que la preparación pre-operatoria del paciente con gamaglobulina y la modernización de la técnica anestésica disminuyó notablemente la necesidad de ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: La timectomía fue útil en el tratamiento del 75% de los pacientes, especialmente aquellos con no sólo ptosis palpebral y permitió disminuir la dosis de medicamentos en 12 de los 24 casos estudiados.

          Translated abstract

          Background: Miastenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, its etiology has not been defined clearly. The improvement of the clinical manifestations after thymectomy was first describes in 1912; and this procedure has become in one of the therapeutic alternativas for the disease nowadays. The aim of the present study was to investigase the results of thymectomy for miastenia gravis in the Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderón Guardia. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study, based in the revision of the clinical files of 24 consecutive patients in whom a thymectomy was performed as part of their treatment for miastenia gravis between January 1992 and May 1999 in the Hospital Dr. R. A. Calderon Guardia. Results: 75% of the patients improved their condition after the surgery, 17% had no variation and 8% deteriorated their clinical condition after the thymectomy. There was no difference in the clinical outcome relates to sex, age or presence of thymoma. However, patients that only had ocular manifestations previous to the surgery had a tendency to remain symptomatic after surgery. The pre-surgical preparation of the palien with intravenous gamma globulin and the improvements in the anesthetic technique lowered the need for mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Thymectomy improved 75% of the patients with miastenia gravis, specially those who had other manifestations apart from ocular involvement. The procedure allowed the reduction of treatment in 12 of the 24 cases studied.

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          Most cited references29

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          Myasthenia gravis: passive transfer from man to mouse.

          Daily injections into mice of an ammonium sulfate-precipitated immunoglobulin fraction of serum from patients with myasthenia gravis were carried out for up to 14 days. The mice showed reduced amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials and reduced numbers of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junctions. Some mice showed typical decremental responses on repetitive nerve stimulation, with reversal by neostigmine. This represents the first evidence of a circulating factor in the serum of patients with myasthenia gravis which on passive transfer reproduces features of the disease in experimental animals.
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            Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.

            Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a new approach to thymectomy. From June 1993 to December 1994, we performed a total of eight thymectomies for myasthenia gravis (MG). There were four male and four female patients with ages ranging from 9 to 76 years. Three of the eight patients had associated thymoma. We believe that complete thymectomy was accomplished in all cases by examination of the thymic bed and resected specimen. There was no mortality or intraoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2 to 37 days). One patient required ventilatory support postoperatively. Clinical improvement was observed in all patients after a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 2 to 21 months). Compared with a comparable historical group of patients with MG who underwent transsternal thymectomy, the VATS group was associated with significantly less analgesic requirement and shortened hospital stay. We conclude that VAT thymectomy is technically feasible and is associated with a favorable postoperative course compared with the transsternal approach. We believe that complete thymectomy can be achieved by this approach. Further investigation with long-term follow-up is needed to further clarify the role of VAT thymectomy in thoracic surgery.
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              Thymus in myasthenia gravis: comparison of CT and pathologic findings and clinical outcome after thymectomy.

              To correlate computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the thymus with results from histologic examination of thymic tissue and clinical outcome in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy. Forty-five patients with myasthenia gravis underwent CT of the thorax and thymectomy. Findings at clinical follow-up were available in all patients. Twenty-six patients had normal CT findings, seven had a diffusely enlarged thymus, and 12 had a focal mass. The results of histologic examination showed that 16 of 26 patients with normal CT findings had normal thymic tissue and 10 had lymphoid follicular hyperplasia; all seven patients with an enlarged thymus had lymphoid hyperplasia. Five of 12 patients with a focal mass at CT had lymphoid hyperplasia, and seven had thymoma. Clinical improvement following thymectomy was observed in 27 (93%) of 29 patients with lymphoid hyperplasia or thymoma and 11 (69%) of 16 patients with normal histologic examination (P < .03, chi(2) test). The presence of an enlarged thymus or a focal mass in patients with myasthenia gravis indicates lymphoid hyperplasia or thymoma. However, CT is of limited value in distinguishing lymphoid follicular hyperplasia from a normal thymus or thymoma and in predicting clinical outcome.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                amc
                Acta Médica Costarricense
                Acta méd. costarric
                Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Costa Rica (San José )
                0001-6012
                June 2000
                : 42
                : 2
                : 81-85
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social Costa Rica
                [2 ] Clínica de Bataán
                Article
                S0001-60022000000200009
                c2262b41-4693-4e8b-806a-6638a9b6cc09

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-6002&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Care Sciences & Services

                Health & Social care
                Timectomía,Myasthenia Gravis
                Health & Social care
                Timectomía, Myasthenia Gravis

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