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      Enfermedad de Gaucher: Casuística del Tolima Translated title: Gaucher's disease: Casuistic from Tolima

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          Abstract

          Las enfermedades de depósito lisosomal son un grupo de desórdenes hereditarios ocasionados por errores innatos del metabolismo con una fisiopatología y manifestaciones clínicas heterogéneas. De todas estas enfermedades la más común es la enfermedad de Gaucher (EG), que consiste en un desorden multisistémico que resulta de mutaciones autosómicas recesivas en el gen codificador de la enzima glucocerebrosidasa (GBA). Hasta el momento han sido identificados más de 300 alelos mutantes. Existe en estos casos una deficiencia en la actividad de la GBA, que lleva al acúmulo de su principal sustrato, el glucocerebrósido, dentro de los lisosomas de los macrófagos, produciendo las características células de depósito llamadas células de Gaucher, con acúmulo de estas células en una gran variedad de tejidos, especialmente el hígado, el bazo, médula ósea, tejido óseo, pulmones y sistema nervioso central. Los pacientes con EG no neuronopática, tipo I, pueden presentar hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia, trombocitopenia, tendencia al sangrado, anemia, patología ósea, retardo en el crecimiento y disminución de la calidad de vida. La terapia de remplazo enzimático (TRE) con imiglucerasa revierte o aminora estos hallazgos. En este estudio se reporta la casuística del Tolima, que comprende cuatro pacientes con EG tipo I, con manifestaciones moderadas de la enfermedad; tres niños y un adulto; dos hombres y dos mujeres; entre los 4 y 35 años de edad. Todos tenían esplenomegalia, anemia, trombocitopenia y aumento leve de transaminasas. Tres pacientes han sido manejados con TRE presentando mejoría hematológica, bioquímica y clínica.

          Translated abstract

          The lysosomal storage disorders are monogenic inborn errors of metabolism with heterogeneous pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. Gaucher's disease (GD) is the most common lysosomal storage disorder and is a multi-system condition that results from autosomal recessive mutations in the gene encoding glucocerebroside. More than 300 discrete mutant alleles have been identified. A deficiency of glucocerebroside (GBA) activity leads to the accumulation of its major substrate, glucocerebroside, within the lysosomes of macrophages, resulting in characteristic storage cells, commonly known as Gaucher cells, in a variety of tissues but mainly in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, bones, lungs and central nervous system. Patients with non-neuronopathic (type 1) GD may suffer from hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, tendency to bleed, anemia, hypermetabolism, skeletal pathologies; growth retardation, pulmonary disease and poor quality of life. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with immiglucerase reverses or ameliorates many of the manifestations of type 1 Gaucher´s disease. Four GD type I patients, three children and one adult, two male and two female, ages 4-35 y, with moderate to life-threatening manifestations are the Tolima casuistic and are reported in this study. All patients had splenomegaly, anemia and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia and transaminases elevated. Three patients had been treated with ERT and showed hematological, biochemical and clinical improvements.

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          Therapeutic goals in the treatment of Gaucher disease.

          Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, is a heterogeneous multisystem condition. Patients with non-neuronopathic (type 1) Gaucher disease may suffer from hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, bleeding tendencies, anemia, hypermetabolism, skeletal pathology, growth retardation, pulmonary disease, and decreased quality of life. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase reverses or ameliorates many of the manifestations of type 1 Gaucher disease. However, the variable disease pattern and severity, and the uncertain manner of progression, render the decision to initiate ERT difficult. Thus, implementation of treatment and evaluation of the therapeutic response must be tailored to the individual patient. To obtain an evidence-based consensus on contemporary therapeutic goals, an international panel of physicians with extensive clinical experience in Gaucher disease met to review the extant literature on its treatment. The panel adopted an integrated system-based approach to arrive at a comprehensive guide to individualized management. Here we establish goals of treatment in Gaucher disease and propose a comprehensive schedule of monitoring of all relevant aspects to confirm the achievement, maintenance, and continuity of the therapeutic response.
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            Gaucher disease type 1: revised recommendations on evaluations and monitoring for adult patients.

            For patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, challenges to patient care posed by clinical heterogeneity, variable progression rates, and potential permanent disability that can result from untreated or suboptimally treated hematologic, skeletal, and visceral organ involvement dictate a need for comprehensive, serial monitoring. An updated consensus on minimum recommendations for effective monitoring of all adult patients with type 1 Gaucher disease has been developed by the International Collaborative Gaucher Group (ICGG) Registry coordinators. These recommendations provide a schedule for comprehensive and reproducible evaluation and monitoring of all clinically relevant aspects of this disease. The initial assessment should include confirmation of deficiency of beta-glucocerebrosidase, genotyping, and a complete family medical history. Other assessments to be performed initially and at regular intervals include a complete physical examination, patient-reported quality of life using the SF-36 survey, and assessment of hematologic (hemoglobin and platelet count), visceral, and skeletal involvement, and biomarkers. Specific radiologic imaging techniques are recommended for evaluating visceral and skeletal pathology. All patients should undergo comprehensive regular assessment, the frequency of which depends on treatment status and whether therapeutic goals have been achieved. Additionally, reassessment should be performed whenever enzyme therapy dose is altered, or in case of significant clinical complication.
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              New directions in the treatment of Gaucher disease.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                amc
                Acta Medica Colombiana
                Acta Med Colomb
                Asociacion Colombiana de Medicina Interna (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0120-2448
                December 2006
                : 31
                : 4
                : 416-421
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Departamento de Hematología
                Article
                S0120-24482006000400005 S0120-2448(06)03100405
                c2588e8f-069e-40a0-b569-65d0187b2137

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 July 2006
                : 01 November 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 11, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Presentación de casos

                glucocerebrosidasa,enfermedad de Gaucher,enfermedades de depósito lisosomal,enzyme replacement therapy,glucocerebrosidase,Gaucher disease,lisosomal storage disorders,terapia de remplazo enzimático

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