Determination of the critical diabetes duration in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat calvarial defect model for experimentation regarding bone regeneration

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the critical diabetes duration in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat calvarial defect model for experimentation regarding bone regeneration by evaluating the association between diabetes duration and bone healing capacity through histological and radiographic analyses.

Methods

Experimental diabetes was induced in 50 of 60 rats by an STZ injection. The rats were divided into 5 groups, including a control group (group 1), according to diabetes durations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively. Eighteen rats survived: 4 in group 1, 4 in group 2, 4 in group 3, 5 in group 4, and 1 in group 5. Calvarial defects were created at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after STZ injection in groups 1–5. Cone-beam computed tomography scanning was performed at baseline and at 5 and 7 weeks after surgery. The rats were sacrificed 7 weeks after surgery, followed by histological evaluation.

Results

The voxel gray values (VGVs) of group 1 and group 2 increased, whereas the VGVs of group 3 and group 4 decreased starting 5 weeks after surgery, although this trend did not reach statistical significance between groups. On the reconstructed 3-dimensional images and based on an analysis of histological features, groups 1 and 2 showed apparent bone regeneration, while groups 3–5 showed very limited bone regeneration.

Conclusions

The critical diabetes duration in an STZ-induced diabetic rat calvarial defect model for experimentation regarding bone regeneration was between 2 and 4 weeks. It is suggested that researchers who use STZ-induced diabetic rats wait for more than 2 weeks following diabetes induction before placing implants or conducting bone regeneration studies to allow definite disturbances in bone healing to emerge.

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Most cited references 37

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The critical size defect as an experimental model for craniomandibulofacial nonunions.

Jeffrey Hollinger, Robert Schmitz (1986)

Little consistency has been manifest among investigators in choosing an appropriate experimental model for maxillofacial bone research. In an effort to develop a protocol for the experimental analysis of maxillofacial nonunions, previous studies using calvarial and mandibular defects as models were reviewed. The creation of nonunions in animals within the calvaria and mandible was size dependent. Defects of a size that will not heal during the lifetime of the animal may be termed critical size defects (CSDs). A rationale was postulated for testing bone repair materials (BRMs) using CSDs in a hierarchy of animal models. This rationale suggests that testing should be initiated in the calvaria of the rat and rabbit, followed by testing in the mandibles of dogs and monkeys. While calvarial CSDs have been established in the rat, rabbit, and dog, further research is necessary to determine the CSD in the calvaria of the monkey, as well as the mandibles of dogs and monkeys.

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Classification of osseointegrated implant surfaces: materials, chemistry and topography.

David M. Dohan Ehrenfest, Paulo G. Coelho, Byung-Soo Kang … (2010)

Since the founding of the osseointegration concept, the characteristics of the interface between bone and implant, and possible ways to improve it, have been of particular interest in dental and orthopaedic implant research. Making use of standardized tools of analysis and terminology, we present here a standardized characterization code for osseointegrated implant surfaces. This code describes the chemical composition of the surface, that is, the core material, such as titanium, and its chemical or biochemical modification through impregnation or coating. This code also defines the physical surface features, at the micro- and nanoscale, such as microroughness, microporosity, nanoroughness, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopatterning and fractal architecture. This standardized classification system will allow to clarify unambiguously the identity of any given osseointegrated surface and help to identify the biological outcomes of each surface characteristic. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Association of the metabolic syndrome with severe periodontitis in a large U.S. population-based survey.

Gopalakrishnan Netuveli, John Deanfield, Francesco D’Aiuto … (2008)

Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis both have an increasing prevalence worldwide; however, limited information is available on their association. The objective of the study was to assess the association between periodontitis and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilians in the United States. Data analysis from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey on 13,994 men and women aged 17 yr or older who received periodontal examination were studied. Association of diagnosis and extent of periodontitis (gingival bleeding, probing pocket depths) with the metabolic syndrome and its individual component conditions (central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, hypertension, and insulin resistance) were measured. Adjustment for age, sex, years of education, poverty to income ratio, ethnicity, general conditions, and smoking were considered. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16-19], 34% (95% CI 29-38), and 37% (95% CI 28-48) among individuals with no-mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, participants aged older than 45 yr suffering from severe periodontitis were 2.31 times (95% CI 1.13-4.73) more likely to have the metabolic syndrome than unaffected individuals. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome increased by 1.12 times (95% CI 1.07-1.18) per 10% increase in gingival bleeding and 1.13 times (95% CI 1.03-1.24) per 10% increase in the proportion of periodontal pockets. Severe periodontitis is associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged individuals. Further studies are required to test whether improvements in oral health lead to reductions in cardiometabolic traits and the risk of metabolic syndrome or vice versa.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Periodontal Implant Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): JPIS

Title: Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science

Publisher: Korean Academy of Periodontology

ISSN (Print): 2093-2278

ISSN (Electronic): 2093-2286

Publication date (Print): October 2017

Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2017

Volume: 47

Issue: 5

Pages: 339-350

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.

[2 ]Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.

[3 ]Department of Anatomy and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.

[4 ]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.

Author notes

Correspondence: Jae-Kwan Lee. Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Korea. periojk@ 123456gwnu.ac.kr , Tel: +82-33-640-3199, Fax: +82-33-640-3113

Author information

Hyun Ju Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9466-7126

Bo Hyun Jung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2283-6066

Ki-Yeon Yoo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0575-275X

Jin-Woo Han https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-7330

Heung-Sik Um https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7986-1019

Beom-Seok Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-3249

Jae-Kwan Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-1580

Article

DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2017.47.5.339

PMC ID: 5663670

PubMed ID: 29093990

SO-VID: c3122333-23da-4d51-a0a2-4f71a26ae1a5

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

History

Date received : 06 September 2017

Date accepted : 30 September 2017

Funding

Funded by: Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital;

Award ID: CR-1402

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Determination of the critical diabetes duration in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat calvarial defect model for experimentation regarding bone regeneration

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Abstract

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 37

The critical size defect as an experimental model for craniomandibulofacial nonunions.

Classification of osseointegrated implant surfaces: materials, chemistry and topography.

Association of the metabolic syndrome with severe periodontitis in a large U.S. population-based survey.

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