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      Resultados del Programa de tamizaje neonatal de enfermedades genéticas en el municipio La Lisa durante el período 2017-2021 Translated title: Results of the neonatal screening programme for genetic diseases in the Municipality of La Lisa during the period 2017-2021

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: el tamizaje neonatal de enfermedades genéticas en Cuba constituye un programa preventivo genético de base poblacional que garantiza el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de seis entidades clínicas. Objetivo: describir los resultados del programa de tamizaje neonatal de enfermedades genéticas en el municipio La Lisa, en el periodo 2017-2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en 7 765 recién nacidos. Se determinó la cobertura al quinto día, las muestras no útiles y los resultados positivos de la pesquisa. Se empleó el porcentaje como estadígrafo para variables cualitativas. Resultados: la cobertura del programa al quinto día fue de 88,60 %. Del total de muestras analizadas, 469 (6,03 %) fueron no útiles por un inadecuado proceder en la toma y conservación de la muestra. Se obtuvieron 81 (1,04 %) resultados positivos por el SUMA. En ninguno de ellos se confirmó la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la cobertura del 100 % no se alcanzó al quinto día, sino posterior a ella, evidenciando que existen aún dificultades en la obtención, conservación y transporte de la muestra biológica evidenciadas en el porciento de muestras no útiles. Ambos factores conjuntamente con la prematuridad, la medicación con antibióticos y la lactancia antes de la prueba, podrían incidir en las interferencias de falsos positivos obtenidos en el análisis SUMA. No se constató ninguna de las seis enfermedades que se pesquisa en el período de estudio, evidenciándose la baja prevalencia de estas enfermedades en el municipio.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: neonatal screening for genetic diseases in Cuba constitutes a population-based genetic preventive program that guarantees early diagnosis and treatment of six clinical entities. Objective: to describe the results of the neonatal screening program for genetic diseases in the municipality La Lisa, in the period 2017-2021. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 7 765 newborns. Coverage at the fifth day, non-useful samples and positive screening results were determined. Percentage was used as a statistic for qualitative variables. Results: the coverage of the program at the fifth day was 88,60 %. Of the total number of samples analyzed, 469 (6,03 %) were not useful due to inadequate sample collection and preservation. There were 81 (1,04 %) positive SUMA results. None of them confirmed the disease. Conclusions: 100 % coverage was not reached on the fifth day, but after it, showing that there are still difficulties in obtaining, preserving and transporting the biological sample, as evidenced by the percentage of non-useful samples. Both factors, together with prematurity, antibiotic medication and breastfeeding before the test, could have an impact on the interferences of false positives obtained in the SUMA analysis. None of the six diseases that were investigated during the study period were found, demonstrating the low prevalence of these diseases in the municipality.

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          Frecuencia de enfermedades metabólicas congénitas susceptibles de ser identificadas por el tamiz neonatal.

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            Towards Achieving Equity and Innovation in Newborn Screening across Europe.

            Although individual rare disorders are uncommon, it is estimated that, together, 6000+ known rare diseases affect more than 30 million people in Europe, and present a substantial public health burden. Together with the psychosocial burden on affected families, rare disorders frequently, if untreated, result in a low quality of life, disability and even premature death. Newborn screening (NBS) has the potential to detect a number of rare conditions in asymptomatic children, providing the possibility of early treatment and a significantly improved long-term outcome. Despite these clear benefits, the availability and conduct of NBS programmes varies considerably across Europe and, with the increasing potential of genomic testing, it is likely that these differences may become even more pronounced. To help improve the equity of provision of NBS and ensure that all children can be offered high-quality screening regardless of race, nationality and socio-economic status, a technical meeting, endorsed by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, was held in October 2021. In this article, we present experiences from individual EU countries, stakeholder initiatives and the meeting's final conclusions, which can help countries attempting to establish new NBS programmes or expand existing provision.
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              Tamizaje neonatal en el Perú: ¿hacia dónde vamos?

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpr
                Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
                Rev Ciencias Médicas
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Pinar del Río, , Cuba )
                1561-3194
                August 2023
                : 27
                : 4
                : e5928
                Affiliations
                [1] La Habana, orgnameCentro Municipal de Genética Médica. Municipio La Lisa orgdiv1Policlínico Cristóbal Labra. Cuba
                [4] La Habana orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Julio Trigo Cuba
                [2] La Habana, orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Manuel Fajardo. Cuba
                [3] La Habana orgnameUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana. Cuba
                Article
                S1561-31942023000500017 S1561-3194(23)02700400017
                c37ee43f-da27-45c2-812b-22786ab0b5dc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2023
                : 20 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                NEONATAL SCREENING,ENFERMEDADES GENÉTICAS CONGÉNITAS.,TAMIZAJE NEONATAL,RECIÉN NACIDO,HEREDITARY METABOLIC DISEASES.,NEWBORN SCREENING

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