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      Desastres com petróleo e ações governamentais ante os impactos socioambientais e na saúde: scoping review Translated title: Oil disasters and government actions in the face of social, environmental, and health-related impacts: A scoping review

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar as ações desenvolvidas pelos governos para o enfrentamento dos impactos socioambientais e na saúde em decorrência dos desastres envolvendo petróleo no mundo. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo realizada na Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase, considerando artigos publicados entre 1973 e 2021. As buscas efetuadas nas bases de dados resultaram em 22 artigos sobre 10 desastres de petróleo ao redor do mundo em três continentes (Ásia, América e Europa), cujas causas dos desastres foram encalhe (3), naufrágio (1), colisão (2), derrame (3) e explosão (1). As ações desenvolvidas foram caracterizadas como intersetoriais, econômicas, ambientais e na saúde, sendo que as mais frequentes foram ações ambientais e econômicas. Nas ações desenvolvidas, observaram-se críticas ao controle, mitigação ou prevenção dos danos instantâneos ou futuros decorrentes dos desastres por petróleo, sendo essa uma agenda ainda em aberto para os movimentos sociais na luta pela garantia de um ambiente saudável, promotor de saúde e com preservação de toda a sua biodiversidade. Conclui-se que as ações para o enfrentamento dos desastres por petróleo nos diferentes países parecem ter sido incipientes, revelando uma incapacidade governamental de orientar o enfrentamento dos impactos desse evento inusitado.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the actions taken by governments to face the social, environmental, and health impacts of oil spill disasters worldwide. This scoping review was conducted in Bireme, Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, considering articles published between 1973 and 2021. The database search returned 22 articles on ten global oil disasters in three continents (Asia, the Americas, and Europe), whose causes were grounding (03), shipwreck (01), collision (02), spill (03), and explosion (01). The actions developed were characterized as intersectoral, economic, environmental, and health-related, and the most frequent were environmental and economic actions. In the actions developed, we observed criticisms of controlling, mitigating, or preventing instantaneous or future damages resulting from oil disasters, which is still an open agenda for social movements in the struggle to ensure a healthy, health-promoting environment that preserves all its biodiversity. The actions to face oil disasters in different countries seem incipient, revealing a governmental inability to guide the confrontation of the impacts of this unusual event.

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          Brazil's unified health system: the first 30 years and prospects for the future

          In 1988, the Brazilian Constitution defined health as a universal right and a state responsibility. Progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil has been achieved through a unified health system (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]), created in 1990. With successes and setbacks in the implementation of health programmes and the organisation of its health system, Brazil has achieved nearly universal access to health-care services for the population. The trajectory of the development and expansion of the SUS offers valuable lessons on how to scale universal health coverage in a highly unequal country with relatively low resources allocated to health-care services by the government compared with that in middle-income and high-income countries. Analysis of the past 30 years since the inception of the SUS shows that innovations extend beyond the development of new models of care and highlights the importance of establishing political, legal, organisational, and management-related structures, with clearly defined roles for both the federal and local governments in the governance, planning, financing, and provision of health-care services. The expansion of the SUS has allowed Brazil to rapidly address the changing health needs of the population, with dramatic upscaling of health service coverage in just three decades. However, despite its successes, analysis of future scenarios suggests the urgent need to address lingering geographical inequalities, insufficient funding, and suboptimal private sector-public sector collaboration. Fiscal policies implemented in 2016 ushered in austerity measures that, alongside the new environmental, educational, and health policies of the Brazilian government, could reverse the hard-earned achievements of the SUS and threaten its sustainability and ability to fulfil its constitutional mandate of providing health care for all.
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            Association between health information, use of protective devices and occurrence of acute health problems in the Prestige oil spill clean-up in Asturias and Cantabria (Spain): a cross-sectional study

            Background This paper examines the association between use of protective devices, frequency of acute health problems and health-protection information received by participants engaged in the Prestige oil spill clean-up in Asturias and Cantabria, Spain. Methods We studied 133 seamen, 135 bird cleaners, 266 volunteers and 265 paid workers selected by random sampling, stratified by type of worker and number of working days. Information was collected by telephone interview conducted in June 2003. The association of interest was summarized, using odds ratios (OR) obtained from logistic regression. Results Health-protection briefing was associated with use of protective devices and clothing. Uninformed subjects registered a significant excess risk of itchy eyes (OR:2.89; 95%CI:1.21–6.90), nausea/vomiting/dizziness (OR:2.25; 95%CI:1.17–4.32) and throat and respiratory problems (OR:2.30; 95%CI:1.15–4.61). There was a noteworthy significant excess risk of headaches (OR:3.86: 95%CI:1.74–8.54) and respiratory problems (OR:2.43; 95%CI:1.02–5.79) among uninformed paid workers. Seamen, the group most exposed to the fuel-oil, were the worst informed and registered the highest frequency of toxicological problems. Conclusion Proper health-protection briefing was associated with greater use of protective devices and lower frequency of health problems. Among seamen, however, the results indicate poorer dissemination of information and the need of specific guidelines for removing fuel-oil at sea.
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              Política, planejamento e gestão em saúde: balanço do estado da arte

              O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um balanço do estado da arte da área temática Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde entre 1974 e 2005. Foram recuperadas informações apresentadas em trabalhos anteriores, atualizando-as para os últimos cinco anos, considerando a produção registrada na base de dados bibliográficos LILACS. Descreveu-se a emergência de estudos e investigações em subtemas nessa área temática, procurando relacioná-los aos desdobramentos das conjunturas políticas, particularmente o processo de Reforma Sanitária, a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde e a reorientação das práticas de saúde. Discutiu-se a especificidade da produção no campo e conclui-se reiterando a necessidade de um trabalho histórico e epistemológico sobre a área no Brasil. Os desafios da prática impõem aos sujeitos, individuais e coletivos, não só perícia ténico-científica, mas sobretudo militância sociopolítica.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sdeb
                Saúde em Debate
                Saúde debate
                Centro Brasileiro de Estudos de Saúde (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0103-1104
                2358-2898
                December 2022
                : 46
                : spe7
                : 201-220
                Affiliations
                [1] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Instituto de Saúde Coletiva (ISC) Brazil romano.correia@ 123456outlook.com
                [3] Salvador Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina (FM) Brazil
                [2] Recife orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Aggeu Magalhães (IAM) orgdiv2Laboratório de Saúde Brazil
                Article
                S0103-11042022001200201 S0103-1104(22)04600800201
                10.1590/0103-11042022e815
                c419684a-448f-412f-b06a-0b97dd7e8e00

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 July 2022
                : 03 October 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 91, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Poluição por petróleo,Desastres,Contaminação química,Saúde Ambiental,Health management,Gestão em saúde,Petroleum pollution,Disasters,Chemical contamination,Environmental health

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