Raised hemoglobin-A2 (HbA2) is the diagnostic hallmark of beta-thalassemia trait (βTT). Diagnostic difficulties may arise in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared the effect of various antiretroviral drugs on HbA2 levels. We attempted to determine which drugs elevate HbA2 levels causing a false-positive diagnosis of βTT and correlate the findings with red cell indices.