Universal Precautions (UPs) and more recently Standard Precautions have been widely promoted in high-income countries to protect health care workers (HCWs) from occupational exposure to blood and the consequent risk of infection with bloodborne pathogens. In low-income countries, the situation is very different: UPs are often practiced partially, if at all, thereby exposing the HCWs to unnecessary risk of infection. The aim of this study is to describe rural north Indian HCWs knowledge and understanding of UPs and identify predictors of compliance to target intervention programs appropriately.