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      Recursos florales usados por el colibrí esmeralda de Cozumel (Chlorostilbon forficatus) Translated title: Floral resources used by the Cozumel Emerald (Chlorostilbon forficatus)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Conocer la riqueza e identidad de los recursos florales utilizados por un polinizador permite identificar su grado de especialización trófica y su vulnerabilidad ante perturbaciones naturales y antropogénicas. Este conocimiento es fundamental en especies endémicas con una distribución geográfica altamente restringida. El colibrí esmeralda de Cozumel (Chlorostilbon forficatus), cuya distribución se restringe a la isla, es una de las 14 especies de colibríes endémicas de México. Esta especie ha sido poco estudiada y características sobre su biología se desconocen. En el presente estudio: (1) caracterizamos la dieta de C. forficatus, (2) identificamos si su dieta incluye especies de plantas exóticas a la isla y (3) evaluamos si su conducta de forrajeo (i.e., forrajear en una especie de planta nativa o exótica) está asociada a la distancia a zonas con influencia humana en la isla (asentamientos humanos y caminos). Registramos las interacciones colibrí-planta en 14 senderos ubicados en las selvas y manglares de la isla. Adicionalmente, incorporamos registros fotográficos de la plataforma Naturalista donde C. forficatus fue captado visitando flores. Finalmente, estimamos la distancia euclidiana entre el sitio donde se registraron los eventos de forrajeo y la zona de influencia humana más cercana. Los resultados muestran que el colibrí esmeralda de Cozumel es un visitante floral generalista. Su dieta está compuesta del néctar de al menos 19 especies vegetales, de las cuales siete son exóticas a la isla. La distancia a las zonas de influencia humana está asociada significativamente a la conducta de forrajeo de C. forficatus, lo que implica que dentro y cerca de los asentamientos humanos y caminos existe una mayor probabilidad de que C. forficatus se alimente de una especie exótica. Proponemos que se realicen estudios que evalúen la importancia de las especies vegetales exóticas en la dieta de C. forficatus, ya que su establecimiento y propagación podría tener repercusiones ecológicas en el ecosistema insular.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Knowing the richness and identity of floral resources used by a pollinator delineates its degree of trophic specialization and its vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This understanding is fundamental in the case of endemic species with a highly restricted geographical distribution. The Cozumel Emerald (Chlorostilbon forficatus), restricted to the island, is one of the 14 endemic species of hummingbirds in Mexico. This species has been poorly studied and many aspects of its biology are still unknown. In this study we: (1) described the diet of C. forficatus, (2) assessed if its diet includes exotic plant species, and (3) assessed whether its foraging behavior (i. e., to feed on native or exotic species) is associated with areas of human influence on Cozumel Island (human settlements and roads). We recorded the plant-hummingbird interaction in 14 transects surveyed in the tropical forests and mangroves of the island. Additionally, we included photographic records obtained from the Naturalista platform where C. forficatus was recorded feeding on flowers. Finally, we estimated the Euclidian distance between the site where the foraging events were recorded and the closest area of human influence. Our study shows that the Cozumel Emerald is a generalist floral visitor. Its diet is composed of the nectar of at least 19 plant species, seven of which are exotic to the island. Distance to the areas of human influence is significantly associated with the foraging behavior of C. forficatus. In or near human settlements and roads there is a higher probability that C. forficatus feeds on an exotic species. We propose to carry out studies to assess the role of exotic plant species in the diet of C. forficatus because their establishment and spread might have unexpected ecological effects on the insular ecosystem.

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          Most cited references33

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          Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals

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            Plant-Animal Mutualistic Networks: The Architecture of Biodiversity

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              Tolerance of pollination networks to species extinctions.

              Mutually beneficial interactions between flowering plants and animal pollinators represent a critical 'ecosystem service' under threat of anthropogenic extinction. We explored probable patterns of extinction in two large networks of plants and flower visitors by simulating the removal of pollinators and consequent loss of the plants that depend upon them for reproduction. For each network, we removed pollinators at random, systematically from least-linked (most specialized) to most-linked (most generalized), and systematically from most- to least-linked. Plant species diversity declined most rapidly with preferential removal of the most-linked pollinators, but declines were no worse than linear. This relative tolerance to extinction derives from redundancy in pollinators per plant and from nested topology of the networks. Tolerance in pollination networks contrasts with catastrophic declines reported from standard food webs. The discrepancy may be a result of the method used: previous studies removed species from multiple trophic levels based only on their linkage, whereas our preferential removal of pollinators reflects their greater risk of extinction relative to that of plants. In both pollination networks, the most-linked pollinators were bumble-bees and some solitary bees. These animals should receive special attention in efforts to conserve temperate pollination systems.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                huitzil
                Huitzil
                Huitzil
                Sociedad para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves en México, A.C. (CIPAMEX) (Omitlán, Hidalgo, Mexico )
                1870-7459
                June 2020
                : 21
                : 1
                : e589
                Affiliations
                [3] Ciudad de México orgnameAyototl A.C. México
                [2] Ciudad de México orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana orgdiv1Departamento de Biología Mexico marquezubaldo@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas orgnameEl Colegio de la Frontera Sur orgdiv1Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Mexico mmartinez@ 123456ecosur.mx
                Article
                S1870-74592020000100107 S1870-7459(20)02100100107
                10.28947/hrmo.2020.21.1.467
                c4fd4521-f8da-449b-8d53-bf767d421157

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 April 2020
                : 17 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                colibrí endémico,human settlement,exotic species,endemic hummingbird,diet,Trochilidae,especies exóticas,dieta,asentamiento humano

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