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      Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Proposal for a new classification Translated title: Miocardiopatía hipertrófica. Propuesta de una nueva clasificación

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          Abstract

          Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a clinical condition, but its name has been subjected to frequent changes over the years, largely because of its morphological and functional heterogeneity, which leads the clinician who is focused on its study to have difficulty in understanding how to diagnose it and when and how to treat it. Regarding its name, it has been called in more than 75 different ways, and it has being classified with difficulty through echocardiography for more than 40 years. Today, it is necessary to understand that the diverse phenotypic behavior, as well as the evolutionary stages of the disease, must be approached in a practical and effective way, so that it easier to understand its clinical behavior and prognosis, as well as the therapeutic needs in each particular case. We review the aspects related to the name of the condition and propose a new classification that could provide the clinical and surgical cardiologist a better understanding of HCM in its various morphological and functional aspects.

          Resumen

          La Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica es una entidad clínica que ha sido sometida durante años a cambios frecuentes en su denominación, en gran parte consecuencia de su heterogeneidad morfológica y funcional, lo que hace que el clínico enfocado a su estudio, tenga dificultad en el entendimiento de cómo hacer el diagnóstico y cuándo y cómo tratarle. Nominativamente ha sido llamada de más de 75 formas diferentes y clasificada con dificultad mediante ecocardiografía hace ya más de 40 años. Hoy en día es necesario entender que su comportamiento fenotípico diverso así como las etapas evolutivas de la enfermedad, deben ser abordadas de una forma práctica y eficaz, de tal forma que ello facilite el entendimiento de su comportamiento clínico y su pronóstico, así como de las necesidades terapéuticas en cada caso en particular. Se hace una revisión de los aspectos nominativos de la entidad y proponemos una nueva clasificación que podría facilitar al cardiólogo clínico y quirúrgico un mejor entendimiento de la Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica en sus diversas formas morfológicas y funcionales.

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          Most cited references50

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          Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.

          In biology, classification systems are used to promote understanding and systematic discussion through the use of logical groups and hierarchies. In clinical medicine, similar principles are used to standardise the nomenclature of disease. For more than three decades, heart muscle diseases have been classified into primary or idiopathic myocardial diseases (cardiomyopathies) and secondary disorders that have similar morphological appearances, but which are caused by an identifiable pathology such as coronary artery disease or myocardial infiltration (specific heart muscle diseases). In this document, The European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases presents an update of the existing classification scheme. The aim is to help clinicians look beyond generic diagnostic labels in order to reach more specific diagnoses.
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            Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention.

            Classifications of heart muscle diseases have proved to be exceedingly complex and in many respects contradictory. Indeed, the precise language used to describe these diseases is profoundly important. A new contemporary and rigorous classification of cardiomyopathies (with definitions) is proposed here. This reference document affords an important framework and measure of clarity to this heterogeneous group of diseases. Of particular note, the present classification scheme recognizes the rapid evolution of molecular genetics in cardiology, as well as the introduction of several recently described diseases, and is unique in that it incorporates ion channelopathies as a primary cardiomyopathy.
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              New perspectives on the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

              Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an important genetic heart muscle disease for which prevalence in the general population has not been completely resolved. For the past 20 years, most data have supported the occurrence of HCM at about 1 in 500. However, the authors have interrogated a number of relevant advances in cardiovascular medicine, including widespread fee-for-service genetic testing, population genetic studies, and contemporary diagnostic imaging, as well as a greater index of suspicion and recognition for both the clinically expressed disease and the gene-positive-phenotype-negative subset (at risk for developing the disease). Accounting for the potential impact of these initiatives on disease occurrence, the authors have revisited the prevalence of HCM in the general population. They suggest that HCM is more common than previously estimated, which may enhance its recognition in the practicing cardiovascular community, allowing more timely diagnosis and the implementation of appropriate treatment options for many patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arch Cardiol Mex
                Arch Cardiol Mex
                Archivos de Cardiología de México
                Permanyer Publications
                1405-9940
                1665-1731
                2022
                17 June 2022
                : 92
                : 3
                : 377-389
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Leadership of the Department of Interventional Cardiology
                [2 ]Research Institute. Hospital Cardiológica Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence: Guillermo A. Llamas-Esperón E-mail: galle@ 123456cardiologica.com.mx
                Article
                6936AX213-ACM-92-377
                10.24875/ACM.21000301
                9262289
                35772124
                c4fdeef1-d27d-4e55-8121-636aa84f4ebc
                Copyright: © 2022 Permanyer

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 25 September 2021
                : 23 November 2021
                Categories
                Review Article

                cardiomyopathies,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,classification,miocardiopatías,miocardiopatía hipertrófica,clasificación

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