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      The Geriatric Population and Psychiatric Medication

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          Abstract

          With improvement in medical services in the last few years, there has been a constant rise in the geriatric population throughout the world, more so in the developing countries. The elderly are highly prone to develop psychiatric disorders, probably because of age related changes in the brain, concomitant physical disorders, as well as increased stress in later life. Psychiatric disorders in this population may have a different presentation than in other groups and some of psychopathologies might be mistaken for normal age related changes by an unwary clinician. Therefore the need of the day is to train psychiatrists and physicians to better recognize and manage mental disorders in this age group.

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          Differences in decline in GFR with age between males and females. Reference data on clearances of inulin and PAH in potential kidney donors.

          U Berg (2006)
          To ensure that potential kidney donors have no renal impairment, it is extremely important to have accurate methods for evaluating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The golden standard, clearance of inulin, has been used in the present study. The aim was to evaluate the effects of age and sex on renal function and present reference data. A total of 122 potential kidney donors, 62 females, aged 21-67 years, were investigated with the GFR and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) determined by clearances of inulin and para-amino hippurate. The mean +/- SD GFR and ERPF were 105 +/- 13 and 545 +/- 108 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively, and we found no difference between the males and females. When relating GFR and ERPF to age, however, a significant decline was found in GFR and ERPF in males, but not in females in the age range of 20-50 years. GFR fell by a mean of 8.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and ERPF by 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) per decade in male donors. With adequate methods for determining GFR and ERPF, a clear difference in the effect of age was seen between the sexes. Males showed a significant decrease between 20 and 50 years of age, which was not seen in females. Females seem to be protected in the pre-menopausal period probably by oestrogens. These results confirm clinically those found in rats.
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              Epidemiology of late-life mental disorders.

              C Hybels, D. Blazer (2003)
              This article reviews the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders in older adults. The authors outline the epidemiologic challenges in determining the frequency of mental disorders in late-life and discuss issues that are critical for understanding the prevalence of the disorders and for reviewing the evidence from epidemiologic studies of mental disorders in this population. The authors summarize the epidemiologic data for depression, anxiety, dementia, schizophrenia, and alcoholism. Also included is a discussion of risk factors and outcomes of these disorders and a discussion of the implications of these epidemiologic findings for geriatric medicine.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mens Sana Monogr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MSM
                Title: Mens Sana Monographs
                Publisher: Medknow Publications (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0973-1229
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-4014
                Publication date (Print): Jan-Dec 2010
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 30-51
                Affiliations
                [* ] Pursuing Master’s degree in Psychiatry from Department of Psychiatry, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India.
                [** ] Senior Resident, Dept. of Psychiatry, C. S. M. Medical University (Formerly K.G’s Medical University), Lucknow, India.
                [*** ] Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University U.P., (formerly King George Medical University, Lucknow) India.
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to: * Pursuing Master’s degree in Psychiatry from Department of Psychiatry, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, India.
                Address correspondence to: ** Senior Resident, Dept. of Psychiatry, C. S. M. Medical University (Formerly K.G’s Medical University), Lucknow, India.
                Address correspondence to: *** Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University U.P., (formerly King George Medical University, Lucknow) India.
                Article
                Publisher ID: MSM-8-30
                DOI: 10.4103/0973-1229.58818
                PMC ID: 3031932
                PubMed ID: 21327169
                SO-VID: c5017751-8130-4acb-94d7-c3529ac7be6e
                Copyright © © Mens Sana Monographs
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 August 2009
                Date revision received : 22 December 2009
                Date accepted : 23 December 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Psychopharmacology Today

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: geriatric,antidepressants,elderly,cholinesterase inhibitors,antipsychotics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurology
                Keywords: geriatric, antidepressants, elderly, cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotics

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