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      Failure of Polyethylene Inlays in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrieval Analysis

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          Abstract

          A retrieval analysis has been performed on 50 polyethylene inlays of cementless screw ring implants (Mecring, Mecron, Berlin, Germany) to investigate the failure mechanism of this specific open cup hip arthroplasty design that has shown a high clinical failure rate. Design-specific damage modes like rim creep, collar fatigue, and backside wear were assessed. Furthermore, the inlays were measured using a CMM to determine deformation. In 90% backside wear was observed and collar fatigue occurred in 68% of the cases. Rim creep was present in 38% of the polyethylene inlays. In 90% of the cases the cup opening diameter was 32.1 mm or less and 46% had a diameter less than 32 mm. It seems that creep and deformation of the polyethylene leads to a reduced diameter at the cup opening and consequently decreased clearance. To avoid this type of failure, polyethylene inlays should be supported at the back by the cup to reduce the risk of ongoing creep deformation.

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          The central role of wear debris in periprosthetic osteolysis.

          Panagiotis Koulouvaris, Thomas Sculco, Mark Purdue … (2006)
          Periprosthetic osteolysis remains the leading complication of total hip arthroplasty, often resulting in aseptic loosening of the implant, and a requirement for revision surgery. Wear-generated particular debris is the main cause of initiating this destructive process. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in our understanding of how wear debris causes osteolysis, and emergent strategies for the avoidance and treatment of this disease. The most important cellular target for wear debris is the macrophage, which responds to particle challenge in two distinct ways, both of which contribute to increased bone resorption. First, it is well known that wear debris activates proinflammatory signaling, which leads to increased osteoclast recruitment and activation. More recently, it has been established that wear also inhibits the protective actions of antiosteoclastogenic cytokines such as interferon gamma, thus promoting differentiation of macrophages to bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and possibly lymphocytes may also be involved in responses to wear. At a molecular level, wear particles activate MAP kinase cascades, NFkappaB and other transcription factors, and induce expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling. Strategies to reduce osteolysis by choosing bearing surface materials with reduced wear properties (such as metal-on-metal) should be balanced by awareness that reducing particle size may increase biological activity. Finally, although therapeutic agents against proinflammatory mediators [such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and osteoclasts (bisphosphonates and molecules blocking RANKL signaling) have shown promise in animal models, no approved treatments are yet available to osteolysis patients. Considerable efforts are underway to develop such therapies, and to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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            Clinical performance of a Durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liner for total hip arthroplasty at five years.

            Z. Wan, Myriam Boutary, Leighellen Sirianni … (2005)
            Highly cross-linked polyethylene is currently the most common articulation surface used for total hip arthroplasty. The hypothesis of the present study was that the Durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liner would have less wear at five years than would a conventional polyethylene liner used in association with the same total hip replacement system. Forty-three consecutive patients (fifty hips) underwent total hip replacement with an uncemented titanium porous-coated metal cup and a Durasul liner that was mated with a 28-mm cobalt-chromium femoral head. Thirty-one patients (thirty-seven hips) were followed for at least five years. Thirty-five other patients (thirty-seven hips) underwent total hip arthroplasty with the same system but with a conventional polyethylene liner, and these patients also were followed for five years. Clinical assessment was performed with use of the Harris hip score and a patient self-assessment examination. Radiographic analysis included measurements of acetabular component position, fixation, and osteolysis. Femoral head penetration of the Durasul liners was compared with that of the conventional liners. The clinical results as determined on the basis of Harris hip scores and patient self-assessment examinations did not differ between the Durasul group and the control group. The mean bedding-in penetration was 0.054 +/- 0.07 mm for the Durasul group and 0.059 +/- 0.154 mm for the control group. The subsequent penetration, with elimination of the bedding-in wear, resulted in a linear wear rate of 0.029 +/- 0.02 mm per year for the Durasul group, compared with 0.065 +/- 0.03 mm per year for the control group (p < 0.005). The annual penetration at one and five years was 0.074 mm and 0.011 mm, respectively, for the Durasul group, compared with 0.151 mm and 0.04 mm, respectively, for the control group. While the qualitative wear pattern of the highly cross-linked polyethylene liner was the same as that of the conventional polyethylene liner, the annual linear wear rate was 45% of that seen with the conventional polyethylene liner. Therefore, we believe that these early data support the continued use of this highly cross-linked polyethylene liner for total hip arthroplasty.
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              Cementless acetabular components.

              Éadaoin Griffin, Ute Marx, C Anderson Engh (1989)
              Four hundred and fifteen patients with cementless acetabular components of either a smooth threaded (130) or porous surfaced (285) variety were compared for clinical symptoms and radiographic signs of component loosening. At a mean 4.8 year follow-up none of the patients with porous acetabular components had signs of component instability. At a mean 3.9 year follow-up 27 (21%) of the patients with a smooth threaded acetabular component showed radiographic signs of instability and 33 (25%) had clinical symptoms. The disappointing short-term results with these threaded cups in our hands have prompted us to abandon their use in favour of the porous surfaced hemispherical cups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 August 2016
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5496396
                Affiliations
                1Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
                2Rehazentrum Bergmannstraße, Bergmannstr. 5, 10961 Berlin, Germany
                3Orthopädie Kurpfalz Speyer, Bahnhofstr. 51, 67346 Speyer, Germany
                4Klinikum Mittelbaden Baden-Baden Balg, Balger Str. 50, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Steven M. Kurtz

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1684-7671
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-4221
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/5496396
                PMC ID: 5021858
                SO-VID: c508bfd4-7c5a-4a34-a869-349759c72254
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Ulrike Mueller et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 March 2016
                Date accepted : 14 August 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
                Funded by: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

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