Effects of dietary valine supplementation during late gestation on the reproductive performance and mammary gland development of gilts

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Abstract

Background

Mammary gland development during late gestation in gilts is a major factor that alters the composition of colostrum and growth performance of piglets. Plasma valine is taken up and metabolized extensively by the mammary gland; however, the effects of valine on mammary gland development during late gestation are still unclear. Thirty primiparous gilts were divided into three treatment groups ( n = 10) and received one of the three diets starting on day 75 of gestation until the day of farrowing. The total dietary valine to lysine ratio of the three diets was 0.63 (LV), 0.73 (MV), and 0.93 (HV), respectively.

Results

Dietary valine supplementation during late gestation did not affect ( P > 0.05) the litter size and weight at farrowing; however, the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning were linearly increased ( P < 0.05) as the dietary valine increased. The highest piglet weight at weaning was observed when the gilts were provided the HV diet. Dietary valine supplementation linearly elevated ( P < 0.05) protein, fat and solids-not-fat and some free amino acids content in colostrum. The concentration of prolactin in plasma of gilts was linearly increased in response to valine supplementation at days 1 and 10 of lactation ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, with increasing dietary valine allowance, a linear increase ( P < 0.05) was observed in the area of the lumen of alveolus and the content of DNA, RNA, and total protein in the mammary tissues at day 1 of lactation. Moreover, the protein expression of cyclin D1, p-mTOR, p-S6, and p-4EBP1 was also linearly increased ( P < 0.05) in the mammary tissue at day 1 of lactation. However, no difference ( P > 0.05) was observed in the indices related to mammary development and the mTOR signaling pathway at day 21 of lactation.

Conclusion

The results revealed that increasing the total dietary valine to lysine ratio to 0.93 during late gestation significantly enhances the piglet weight and average daily gain at weaning probably due to improved development of mammary gland.

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Most cited references 32

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Nutrient regulation of the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway.

Sang Gyun Kim, Gwen Buel, John Blenis (2013)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionally conserved kinase which exists in two distinct structural and functional complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Of the two complexes, mTORC1 couples nutrient abundance to cell growth and proliferation by sensing and integrating a variety of inputs arising from amino acids, cellular stresses, energy status, and growth factors. Defects in mTORC1 regulation are implicated in the development of many metabolic diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in deciphering the complexity of the signaling processes contributing to mTORC1 regulation and function, but the mechanistic details are still not fully understood. In particular, how amino acid availability is sensed by cells and signals to mTORC1 remains unclear. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of nutrient-dependent control of mTORC1 signaling and will focus on the key components involved in amino acid signaling to mTORC1.

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The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases

Min-Hyun Kim, Hyeyoung Kim (2017)

Glutamine, the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, is a major substrate utilized by intestinal cells. The roles of glutamine in intestinal physiology and management of multiple intestinal diseases have been reported. In gut physiology, glutamine promotes enterocyte proliferation, regulates tight junction proteins, suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and protects cells against apoptosis and cellular stresses during normal and pathologic conditions. As glutamine stores are depleted during severe metabolic stress including trauma, sepsis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, glutamine supplementation has been examined in patients to improve their clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the physiological roles of glutamine for intestinal health and its underlying mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the current evidence for the efficacy of glutamine supplementation in intestinal diseases.

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Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity.

A Prunier, J le Quesne, N Devillers (2011)

Colostrum intake from birth to 24 h after the onset of parturition (T24) was estimated for 526 piglets from 40 litters. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), lactate, glucose and cortisol were determined at T24 for six piglets per litter. Plasma IgG concentration was also assayed at weaning (28 days) on the same piglets. Rectal temperature was measured at T24 on all piglets. Mortality was recorded until weaning and comparisons were made between piglets that died before weaning and those that were still alive at weaning. The piglets that died before weaning had lower birth weight, lower colostrum intake, lower weight gain between birth and T24, and had a lower rectal temperature, higher plasma cortisol concentration and lower plasma IgG and glucose concentrations at T24 than piglets still alive at weaning. In addition, a higher proportion of piglets that died before weaning had difficulty taking their first breath after birth and were affected by splayleg. Considering all piglets, colostrum intake was positively related to rectal temperature and plasma glucose concentration and negatively related to plasma cortisol concentration at T24. Plasma IgG concentration at T24 was explained by colostrum intake, IgG concentration in the ingested colostrum, birth weight and birth rank (P<0.0001). Plasma IgG concentration at weaning was related to plasma IgG concentration at T24 (r=0.54; P<0.0001) and to colostrum intake (r=0.32; P<0.0001). Finally, body weight was explained by colostrum intake, birth weight and age until 6 weeks of age (P<0.0001). These results show that colostrum intake is the main determinant of piglet survival through provision of energy and immune protection and has potential long-term effects on piglet growth and immunity.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Zongyong Jiang: jiangz28@qq.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Anim Sci Biotechnol

Title: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Print): 1674-9782

ISSN (Electronic): 2049-1891

Publication date (Electronic): 19 February 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 19 February 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 15

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.488217.0, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, , Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, ; No.1 Dafeng Street, Wushan Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong China

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9139 560X, GRID grid.256922.8, College of Animal Science and Technology, , Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, ; Zhengzhou, 450046 Henan China

Author information

Long Che http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-4152

Article

Publisher ID: 420

DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0420-z

PMC ID: 7029528

PubMed ID: 31908775

SO-VID: c5172c04-3296-4000-bcdd-732cb00b1def

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 31 August 2019

Date accepted : 22 December 2019

Funding

Funded by: The National Key Research and Development Program of China

Award ID: 2018YFD0501003

Award Recipient : Zongyong Jiang

Funded by: The Outstanding Talents Training Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agriculture Research System

Award ID: CARS-35

Award Recipient : Zongyong Jiang

Funded by: Operating Funds for Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition

Award ID: 2014B030301054

Award Recipient : Zongyong Jiang

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology

Keywords: gilt,mammary gland,piglet growth,valine

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology

Keywords: gilt, mammary gland, piglet growth, valine

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Effects of dietary valine supplementation during late gestation on the reproductive performance and mammary gland development of gilts

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Abstract

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Most cited references 32

Nutrient regulation of the mTOR complex 1 signaling pathway.

The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases

Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity.

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Cited by 7

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