Kara Weisman:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-7554
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole:
VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Maliki E. Ghossainy:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-215X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing
– original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Allison J. Williams: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Ayse Payir: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – review & editing
Kirsten A. Lesage: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Bolivar Reyes-Jaquez: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: Supervision
Tamer G. Amin: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Florencia K. Anggoro:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-6084
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Emily R. R. Burdett:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-4819
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Eva E. Chen:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-197X
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Lezanie Coetzee: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
John D. Coley: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Audun Dahl: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Jocelyn B. Dautel:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-8211
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Helen Elizabeth Davis: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Elizabeth L. Davis:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4390
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Gil Diesendruck: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Denise Evans: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Aidan Feeney: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Michael Gurven: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Benjamin D. Jee:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1007-8883
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Hannah J. Kramer: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Tamar Kushnir: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Natassa Kyriakopoulou:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-6056
Role: Investigation
Katherine McAuliffe: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Abby McLaughlin: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Shaun Nichols: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Ageliki Nicolopoulou: Role: InvestigationRole: Project administration
Peter C. Rockers: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Laura Shneidman: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Irini Skopeliti:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-037X
Role: Investigation
Mahesh Srinivasan: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Amanda R. Tarullo: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Laura K. Taylor: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Yue Yu:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-7084
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Meltem Yucel:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7274-5971
Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Xin Zhao: Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole:
Supervision
Kathleen H. Corriveau: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Rebekah A. Richert: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
Rosemary Frey: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
8
March
2024
Publication date Collection: 2024
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Electronic Location Identifier: e0292755
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California,
United States of America
[2
]
Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America
[3
]
Department of Education, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
[4
]
Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts, United
States of America
[5
]
School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
[6
]
College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
[7
]
Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO), T. H. Chan School of Public
Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
[8
]
School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
[9
]
Department of Psychology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America
[10
]
Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California,
United States of America
[11
]
School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
[12
]
School of Human Evolution and Social Change and the Institute of Human Origins, Arizona
State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
[13
]
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
United States of America
[14
]
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
[15
]
Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,
California, United States of America
[16
]
Department of Psychology, Worcester State University, Worcester, Massachusetts, United
States of America
[17
]
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,
United States of America
[18
]
Department of Early Childhood Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,
Athens, Greece
[19
]
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts,
United States of America
[20
]
Sage School of Philosophy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of
America
[21
]
Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
of America
[22
]
Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,
United States of America
[23
]
Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, United
States of America
[24
]
Department of Educational Science and Early Childhood Education, University of Patras,
Patras, Greece
[25
]
Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California,
United States of America
[26
]
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston
University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
[27
]
School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
[28
]
Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
[29
]
Department of Educational Psychology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
University of Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[¤]
Current address: Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New
Hampshire, United States of America
‡ KW and MEG are joint first authors on this work. KHC and RAR are joint senior authors
on this work.
¶ Members of the Developing Belief Network (Wave 1) are listed in the Acknowledgments
section; more information about membership is provided in the OSF repository associated
with this manuscript (direct link to membership information:
https://osf.io/4gevr).
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-22-32730
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292755
PMC ID: 10923471
PubMed ID: 38457421
SO-VID: c541ceb8-6c0f-4ffe-a647-2d985240bd0c
Copyright © © 2024 Weisman et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000925, John Templeton Foundation;
Award ID: JTF61542
Award Recipient
:
Rebekah A. Richert
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000925, John Templeton Foundation;
Award ID: JTF61542
Award Recipient
:
Kathleen H. Corriveau
This work was supported by the John Templeton Foundation (
https://www.templeton.org/) under grant #JTF61542, awarded to RAR and KHC. The funders did not and will not
have a role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Study Protocol
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Anthropology
Subject:
Cultural Anthropology
Subject:
Religion
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Religion
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Religious Faiths
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Age Groups
Subject:
Children
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Families
Subject:
Children
Subject:
Research and Analysis Methods
Subject:
Research Design
Subject:
Survey Research
Subject:
Surveys
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Religious Faiths
Subject:
Christianity
Subject:
Catholicism
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Caregivers
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Culture
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Personality
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Psychology
Subject:
Personality
