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      Transfert et transport des nouveau-nés en situation de détresse vitale à Yaoundé, Cameroun: analyse situationnelle dans un hôpital de référence Translated title: Transfer and transport of newborn babies in vital distress in Yaoundé, Cameroon: situational analysis conducted in a reference hospital

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Notre objectif était de décrire les caractéristiques du transfert des nouveau-nés en situation de détresse vitale vers le Centre Hospitalier d’ESSOS à Yaoundé, Cameroun.

          Méthodes

          Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale prospective d’Octobre 2014 à Janvier 2015. La collecte des données était faite à l’aide d’un questionnaire court auprès de l’opérateur du transfert. Principaux paramètres: moyen de transport, motif du transfert, délai du transfert, nombre de décours (itinéraire avant l’admission) prévalence de l’hypothermie, taux de mortalité néonatale.

          Résultats

          Nous avons enregistré 73 transferts durant la période Près de 1/5 (22%) étaient nés au sein du district de santé de la structure de référence. Les nouveau-nés référés venaient de structures tertiaires dans 24/73 (33%). Le principal motif de transfert était la grande prématurité (40%) suivi de l’asphyxie néonatale (26%). Le transfert était médicalisé dans 5/73 (7%) des cas et infirmier interhospitalier dans 10/73 (13,6%) des cas. Le délai moyen de transfert était de 17 heures, 60% avaient été transférés dans les 6 premières heures de vie et 22% (16/73) dans les deux heures. Pour plus de la moitié des nouveau-nés, un détour dans une autre structure avait été réalisé avant l’admission. L’hypothermie (température centrale inférieure à 36°) à l’arrivée était notée dans 20% des cas. 15/73(20,5%) des nouveau-nés transférés sont décédés. la température moyenne à l’arrivée des nouveau-nés décédés étaient de 35°5C vs 37°C chez les non-décédés (p=0,006). Le pourcentage de nouveau-nés ayant subi plus de 2 détours était de 57% chez les décédés versus 30% chez les non-décédés (p=0,02).

          Conclusion

          A Yaoundé, les conditions de transferts des nouveau-nés précaires grèvent le pronostic néonatal immédiat à cause d’un itinéraire erratique qui majore le risque d’hypothermie et de décès, ceci renforce la nécessité de mise en place d’un réseau périnatal.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          This study aims to describe transfer modalities of newborn babies in vital distress to the ESSOS Hospital Center in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

          Methods

          We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study from October 2014 to January 2015. Data were collected using a short questionnaire from the transfer operator. Main parameters: means of transport, reason for transfer, transfer delay, number of detours (itinerary before admission) prevalence for hypothermia, neonatal mortality rate.

          Results

          We recorded 73 transfers during the study period. Nearly 1/5 (22%) of infants were born within the health district of the reference structure. 24/73 newborns were referred for tertiary care centers (33%). The main reason for transfer was prematurity (40%) followed by neonatal asphyxia (26%). Medical transfer was performed in 5/73 (7%) cases, inter-hospital transfer effected through a nurse was performed in 10/73 (13.6%) cases. The average transfer time was 17 hours, 60% of babies were transferred within the first 6 hours of life, 22% (16/73) within the first two hours of life. For more than half of newborns, a transfer to another hospital was done before admission. Hypothermia (central temperature less than 36° C) on arrival was found in 20% of cases. 15/73 (20.5%) of transferred newborns died. The mean temperature in the dead infants upon their arrival to the hospital was 35.5° C versus 37° C in the non-deceased (p = 0.006). The percentage of newborns who underwent =2 tranfers was 57% in the deceased infants versus 30% in the non-deceased ones (p=0,02).

          Conclusion

          In Yaoundé, transfers conditions of newborns in precarious conditions of life hinder early neonatal prognosis because of an erratic itinerary, which increases the risk of hypothermia and death. This reinforces the need for a perinatal network.

          Most cited references17

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          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          An ambulance referral network improves access to emergency obstetric and neonatal care in a district of rural Burundi with high maternal mortality.

          In 2006, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) established an emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) referral facility linked to an ambulance referral system for the transfer of women with obstetric complications from peripheral maternity units in Kabezi district, rural Burundi. This study aimed to (i) describe the communication and ambulance service together with the cost; (ii) examine the association between referral times and maternal and early neonatal deaths; and (iii) assess the impact of the referral service on coverage of complicated obstetric cases and caesarean sections.
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            • Record: found
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            Duration of inter-facility neonatal transport and neonatal mortality: systematic review and cohort study.

            Regionalization of perinatal health services has been actively discussed, although important determinants such as effect of duration of neonatal transport on neonatal outcomes have not been investigated well as yet. Therefore the purpose of the present paper was to investigate the association between duration of inter-facility transport and perinatal mortality.
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              Hypothermia on admission: a risk factor for death in newborns referred to the Pernambuco Institute of Mother and Child Health.

              The objective of this study was to determine the mortality risk related to hypothermia at the moment of admission and other factors such as clinical and geographical related to the transportation of the newborns admitted to the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco IMIP from 8 March to 11 June 2000. A prospective study involving 320 newborns arriving from home or health centres was carried out. Babies that were dead on arrival or subsequently transferred to other units were excluded. The risk of death was determined according to exposure to hypothermia and other types of exposure, using logistical regression. The risk of death was higher (RR = 3.09; CI = 2.15-4.43) in the group exposed to moderate hypothermia (temperature between 32.5 degrees C and 35.99 degrees C) than in the non-exposed group (temperature equal to or greater than 36.00 degrees C). The relative risk of death was also higher for newborns with a weight of less than 2500 g, that were less than 1 day old, respiratory distress syndrome, premature babies or with congenital malformations, that had used oxygen and/or intravenous infusion during transit, that came from the interior and that had travelled more than 150 km. In the final result of the multivariate analysis, sepsis ('adjusted' RO = 6.23; 95% CI = 5.66-6.80), respiratory distress syndrome ('adjusted' RO = 5.28; 95% CI = 5.03-5.59), moderate hypothermia ('adjusted' RO = 3.49, 95% CI = 3.18-3.81), and distance undertaken greater than 50 km ('adjusted' RO = 2.39; 95% CI = 2.14-2.63) remained. Hypothermia on admission showed itself to be an important and independent risk factor for neonatal death.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                06 December 2016
                2016
                : 25
                : 214
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre Hospitalier d’Essos, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale, Service de Pédiatrie et de Prévention Infantile, BP 5777 Yaoundé, Cameroun
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Anne Esther Njom Nlend, Centre Hospitalier d’Essos, Caisse Nationale de Prévoyance Sociale, Service de Pédiatrie et de Prévention Infantile, BP 5777 Yaoundé, Cameroun
                Article
                PAMJ-25-214
                10.11604/pamj.2016.25.214.9642
                5326266
                28270906
                c5ac00c6-0d4e-4fc2-8b75-b8d58128461f
                © Anne Esther Njom Nlend et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 20 April 2016
                : 19 November 2016
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                nouveau-né,transport,référence,newborns,reference
                Medicine
                nouveau-né, transport, référence, newborns, reference

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