The International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology will turn 25 years in 2021!

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Abstract

In 2021, the International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology (IAO) will complete 25 years of uninterrupted publication of clinical, basic research and systematic review articles, contributing effectively to the progress of scientific knowledge in Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology, Speech Therapy and related sciences. The scientific journal is a publication sponsored by the Otorhinolaryngologic Foundation and edited by Thieme Medical Publishers. This year's is the 25th volume published since 1997, 1 2 and it is composed of original articles and literature reviews carefully selected by a large international editorial board and peer-revied by renowned researchers who voluntarily contributed to add greater quality to the content of the articles evaluated. With the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, the year 2020 represented a challenge to maintain the journal regarding the serious social and economic problems faced worldwide, but the editorial team did not lack the will and determination to keep the journal going. The IAO was the first electronic journal in the world, so much so that its first name was International @rchives of Otorhinolaryngology, with the “@” referring to the concept of open access, and it used the newly-created internet for the universal and free dissemination of its files. 2 3 4 Although the internet already existed for communication between academic centers since 1983, it started to be used by the general population around 1993-1994, initially with dial-in networks and few resources. 5 In this context, Ricardo Bento, professor of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) at The School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, in Portuguese) and Claudio Lazzarini, otorhinolaryngologist at the Otorhinolaryngology Service of FMUSP, who were enthusiastic about this new technology, which was even contested by many who did not believe in its future, decided to create a scientific journal with printed and electronic versions, with a website and open-access articles. It was the first in the world. 2 4 The journal was the first medical journal to publish pictures in anaglyph 3D coming with the special glasses in 2000 (issue 4, volume 2). The journal official scientific publication of the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation, which has sponsored it throughout these years, within its statutory objectives of encouraging research and the dissemination of the specialty. A large number of people who believed in the initiative have worked long and heard since the initial days, when few articles were received, until today, when hundreds of papers are submitted annually to the journal. IAO Editors Ricardo Ferreira Bento (1997–1998). Tanit Ganz Sanchez (1999–2005). Marcelo Miguel Hueb (2006–2008). Geraldo Pereira Jotz (2009-current) with Co-Editor Aline Bittencourt (2013-current). In 2010, the Librarian Adilson Montefusco joined the journal team, bringing great professionalism and dynamism to its publication. In 2013, Thieme Medical Publishers started editing the journal, and it then assumed an important position of international visibility. 6 Current Indexing Institutes 2003–Lilacs and Lilacs-Express: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. 7 2004–Latindex: Sistema Regional de Información en Línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal. 8 2006–DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals. 9 10 2006–FUNPEC-RP: Fundação de Pesquisas Científicas de Ribeirão Preto. 11 2010–SciELO: Scientific Electronic Library Online. 4 12 2011–Scopus: Elsevier. 13 2012–PubMed and PubMed Central (PMC). 14 2013–Embase: Excerpta Medica Database – Elsevier. 15 2019–Web of Science: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI). 16 So far, IAO has published Editions Number Volumes 25 Issues 97 Supplements 12 Documents 5,920 History of publications (1997–2020) Document type Number Definition Original article 1,133 Original research or opinion. However, case reports, technical and research notes and short communications are also considered original articles. Review 182 Signiﬁcant review of original researches. Educational items that review speciﬁc issues within the literature are also considered reviews. Article in press 70 Article accepted and made available online before the ofﬁcial publication. Editorial 87 Summary of several articles or editorial opinions or news. Erratum 1 Report of an error, correction or retraction of a previously-published paper. Letter 9 Letter to or correspondence with the editor. Note 7 Note, discussion, or commentary. Conference abstracts 4,431 Proceedings can be serial or non-serial publications, and they may contain either the full articles of the papers presented or only the abstracts. 2019–continuous publication: to accelerate the publication of articles, the IAO journal adopted the continuous publication model, which enables the quick publication of articles. After approval and the writing of the editorial, the articles are automatically published online and indexed in the databases without the need to wait for the quarterly publication of the printed journal. 17 2020–video data innovation: new section of the journal in which high-level reviews will be published with videos of diagnoses and/or treatments. It is a great innovation, aligning scientific publication and technology. 18 In the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the journal was one of the first that published in its second edition of 2020 studies related to COVID-19, confirming its pioneering spirit since its foundation in 1997. 19 20 COVID-19: 19 publications Document type Number Editorial 8 Original research 2 Opinion article 1 Letter to the editor 3 Update article 2 Systematic review 3 The editorial management adopted seeks excellence in editorial quality, integrity in the dissemination of knowledge, as well as the sustainability of the journal, and the internationalization and expansion of its visibility. Some of the strategies adopted are: the use of an electronic administrative system to process articles, the use of a similarity detection tool and guides to improve texts, in addition to the adoption of the rolling publication system. This historic date must be celebrated, and I want to thank everyone who at some point contributed to the existence and continuity of the journal, as well as the authors who trusted it over the years. To our editorial board and section editors, for the technical work of analyzing the submitted works and the peer review team. They are the scientific basis of this journal. We cannot forget the entire team at the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation, especially our Director, Adriana Fozzati, and our President, Professor Richard Voegels, for their support and work. Special thanks to the current editorial team: Professor Geraldo Jotz, “the tireless,” our Chief Editor, and Aline Bittencourt, our extremely active Co-Editor. To our Librarian, Adilson Montefusco, for his thoroughness and efficiency, and to Thieme Medical Publishers for having believed in our work. Let's move on! Let's learn from the past and look to the future! And IAO's future is guaranteed!

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High Risk of COVID-19 Infection for Head and Neck Surgeons

Marco Kulcsar, Fabio L M Montenegro, Sérgio S. Arap … (2020)

The epidemic of a serious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus virus that started in Wuhan (Hubei province), China, was first reported to the local World Health Organization (WHO) office on December 31, 2019. The virus and disease were labeled as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus 2. The disease caused by this virus was later called COVID-19. 1 It was declared an international health emergency by WHO on January 30, 2020. 2 On February 26, 2020, the Brazilian Ministry of Health confirmed the first case in Brazil. 3 In less than 4 weeks, more than 1,100 cases and 18 deaths were registered in the country. 4 More than 80% of the patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. Approximately 15% require hospitalization and 3% to 5% evolve to severe clinical conditions requiring ventilatory support in an intensive care unit (ICU). The mortality rate varies from 0.3 to 8%, with a higher risk for the elderly, hypertensive and diabetic patients. 3 5 6 On March 20, 2020, we have an accelerated pandemic that puts almost the entire world population at risk, with more than 330,000 cases and more than 14,000 registered deaths. 7 The first death of a doctor who was a victim of COVID-19 in Wuhan was an otolaryngologist on January 20, 2020. 5 The death from the disease of the ophthalmologist Li Wenliang, who since December 2019 tried to alert the authorities about a serious disease similar to SARS (another serious coronavirus) and was exonerated by the Chinese government, occurred on February 6 and revolted the world. 8 9 The first recorded case in Wuhan of contamination by a surgical team is frightening. All 14 participants in an endonasal video-assisted hypophysectomy were contaminated. 10 Given the high exposure to aerosols during diagnostic endoscopic procedures or surgeries, many of the doctors who died in China are otorhinolaryngologists or ophthalmologists. 11 According to Patel et al, 12 many Italian and Iranian otorhinolaryngologists are infected and in isolation. Fatalities have been reported not only among elderly doctors, but also young people, including an Iranian resident doctor of undisclosed age. A significant viral load is concentrated in the upper airways, being a probable cause of the high rate of infection and many deaths among otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, ophthalmologists and Chinese endoscopists in these 3 months of the epidemic. 11 12 13 14 The same high risk has been recorded in Europe. Due to the contamination of this group of doctors, it can be observed that, in addition to the symptoms previously described, anosmia is a frequent finding. 15 16 Thus, it is mandatory to alert all professionals who need to do head and neck exams (including eye exams) of patients, with or without access to upper aerodigestive pathways (videolaryngoscopy, for example), rehabilitation procedures or even hygiene of this region (tracheostomies, dressings). Given the high professional risk, the Regional Council of Medicine of the State of São Paulo recommends that surgery and elective consultations be suspended, except for those of an oncological nature, in addition to urgencies and emergencies. 17 In cancer cases, especially in patients with carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract, where the treatment of choice is surgical, it is important to investigate the contagion of COVID 19. The Stanford University team suggests that an examination be performed 2 days before the operation. 12 Not all surgeries can be rescheduled. During this period, special attention should be given to tracheostomies and other emergencies such as abscesses and cervicofacial trauma. Meticulous protective measures must be taken for all team members as well as the operating room, with the execution of the procedure in a negative pressure room and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in the anesthesia respirator car and the use of personal protective equipment. 18 With regard to individual protection, the Brazilian Society of Head and Neck Surgery specified how the protection for surgical procedures should be. The “Personal Protective Equipment” (PPE) for all professionals involved in the procedure are mask type N95 or PFF2, glasses or face shield, disposable gloves, waterproof disposable apron with a minimum grammage of 20 19 . It should be emphasized that the procedures for dressing up and especially for undressing are standardized to avoid the risk of infection. Many infections by health professionals occurred due to the lack of clearance, taking the contaminated hand to the face when removing the mask. 19 There are several guidelines and tutorials on the internet. During this pandemic caused by a virus with an intense airway permeability, it is necessary to increase attention with the use of protective measures to reduce the risks for specialists in head and neck surgery and otolaryngology.

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Otorhinolaryngologists and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Geraldo Pereira Jotz, Richard Louis Voegels, Ricardo Bento (2020)

In December 2019, Wuhan City, the capital of Hubei province in China, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology. By January 7, 2020, Chinese scientists had isolated a novel coronavirus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV), from patients with viral pneumonia (COVID-19). 1 2 Due to the Public Health Emergency of International Importance declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020, caused by SARS-CoV-2 and the confirmation of the first cases of COVID-19 in Brazil (2 confirmed cases in the state of São Paulo by February 29, 2020), the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervico-Facial Surgery (Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial, ABORL, in Portuguese) made a public announcement to guide otorhinolaryngologists in care protocols in their offices. 3 Coronaviruses are a relatively common family of respiratory viruses and the second most frequent cause of common cold after rhinoviruses. In the recent decades, they have been related to more serious outbreaks, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. 3 There are seven identified coronaviruses that affect humans. The most common are α coronavirus 229E and NL63 and β coronavirus OC43 and HKU1, the viruses responsible for the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks respectively. Recently, a novel coronavirus has been identified, which was initially named 2019-nCoV and then SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020, as it was found to be genetically related to SARS-CoV. The disease caused by the new coronavirus was named COVID-19. 3 In practice, the healthcare system cannot sustain an uncontrolled outbreak, and stronger containment measures are now the only realistic option to avoid the total collapse of the intensive care unit (ICU) system. Hence, over the last 2 weeks, clinicians have continuously advised authorities to augment containment measures. 4 While regional resources are currently at capacity, the central Italian government is providing additional resources, such as transfer of critically ill patients to other regions, emergency funding, personnel, and ICU equipment. The goal is to ensure that an ICU bed is available for every patient who requires one. Other healthcare systems should prepare for a massive increase in ICU demand during an uncontained outbreak of COVID-19. 4 Vaccine development and research into medical treatment for COVID-19 are under way, but results are many months away. Meanwhile, the pressure on the global healthcare work force continues to intensify. This pressure takes two forms: the first is the potentially overwhelming burden of illnesses that stresses the capacity of health systems, and the second is the adverse effects on healthcare workers, including the risk of infection. 5 Many healthcare workers have conditions that elevate the risk of severe infection or death if they become infected with SARS-CoV-2; hence, organizations will need to decide whether such workers, including physicians, should be redeployed away from the highest risk sites. It is not possible to entirely eliminate the risk, but prudent adjustments may be warranted. New sites may need physician and nurse expertise, including telemedicine services, patient advice lines, and augmented telephone triage systems. 5 While healthcare workers often accept an increased risk of infection as part of their chosen profession, they often exhibit concern about family transmission, especially involving family members who are elderly, immunocompromised, or have chronic medical conditions. While the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration provide clear recommendations, it is evident that more is required to optimize safety in the current environment. 5 In line with the current positions of the WHO and the CDC, the Brazilian Academy of Rhinology (Academia Brasileira de Rinologia, ABR, in Porutugese) advises to avoid the use of systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of patients with influenza-like symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the use of topical nasal corticosteroids, current evidence shows no harm, and its use can be continued in patients who were already using this medication chronically. However, due to the lack of conclusive studies on COVID-19 and extrapolating the consequences of systemic corticosteroid treatment, the ABR advises that the chronic use of topical nasal corticosteroids be maintained and continue to be indicated, and in the occurrence of fever or other symptoms suggestive of flu, the physician may consider its temporary discontinuation. As for the use of topical nasal corticosteroids in acute viral infections, there are conflicting recommendations from the American (2016) and European (2020) guidelines; therefore, the ABR advises that the use of topical nasal corticosteroids in acute viral conditions should be avoided in the context of COVID-19. The ABR recommends not performing nasal or nasal sinus surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. In cases of urgent or extremely necessary surgery, we suggest performing a test to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 with another test 24 hours later. In patients with COVID-19 or when it is impossible to perform the test, the use of a of surgical gown with personal protective equipment (PPE) and powered air-purifying respirator is recommended. On March 20, 2020, the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine (Conselho Federal de Medicina, CFM, in Portuguese) recommended canceling appointments, examinations, and elective surgical procedures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CFM also warned that if it is not possible to cancel the procedures, the physicians can perform them provided that they comply with the determinations of the local authorities and technical director of the service, as well complying witg the recommended hygiene, individual protection, and contact restriction protocols. 6 Our colleagues in Iran have reported that at least 20 ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists are currently hospitalized with COVID-19, with 20 more in isolation at home. They are only testing people who have been admitted to the hospital; thus, the 20 specialists at home are not confirmed cases, but they have classic symptoms. A previously healthy 60-year-old facial plastic surgeon died from COVID-19 3 days ago. A young, otherwise healthy ENT chief resident had a short prodrome, rapidly decompensated, and died. The deceased was are not tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, but all his colleagues and faculty believe the cause of death was COVID-19. 7 For this reason, otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons should take special precautions in the diagnostic and therapeutic manipulation of the upper airways and digestive tract to avoid contamination. Beyond caring for individual patients, oncology clinicians will face the heavy reality of rationing care. As the pandemic progresses, there will come a point when channeling a large amount of resources to an individual patient will be in direct conflict with the greater social good. If an oncology patient with late-stage disease or with comorbid health conditions such as heart or lung dysfunction acquires COVID-19 and requires mechanical ventilation, the prognosis is likely to be very poor. According to a recent retrospective study from Wuhan, China, only 1 one patient survived among 32 who were seriously ill with confirmed COVID-19 and required mechanical ventilation. 8 Thus, we believe it is imperative to have proactive end-of-life and palliative care discussions with cancer patients who may become infected with COVID-19. Although these practices should be a part of routine oncology care, such discussions with all cancer patients have become even more vital in these times. It is our duty to not only educate but also provide resources to help patients make decisions regarding treatment during this period of uncertainty. With dwindling resources, oncologists must also consider carefully what treatments are most likely to be successful, symptom-relieving, or lifesaving, and consider those patients likely to get the greatest benefit from treatments. Proactive discussions surrounding these challenging decisions should occur among disease-specific groups, medical ethicists, and palliative care teams. 9 Reports indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 virus particles are in extremely high concentrations in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, and can be a significant source of transmission. 10 This characteristic property of the virus places healthcare professionals who examine and manipulate these areas at particular risk. Otolaryngologists and their surrounding staff are especially vulnerable to viral transmission directly through mucus, blood, and aerosolized particles when examining or operating in these areas. There is evolving evidence from China, Italy, and Iran that otolaryngologists are among the groups with the highest risk of contracting the virus while performing upper airway procedures and examinations if not using proper PPE. This dilemma puts otolaryngologists in a difficult situation when presented with patients with time-sensitive and emergent problems that require surgery. 10 The Brazilian Association of Laryngology and Voice (Academia Brasileira de Laringologia e Voz, ABLV, in Portuguese), concerned about the damage caused by COVID-19 and following the same line of warnings issued by other scientific societies around the world, such as the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS), made some recommendations related to endoscopic examinations of the upper airways and digestive tract, which include nasal video-endoscopy, video-laryngoscopy, video-laryngostroboscopy, video-nasofibro-laryngoscopy, and swallowing video-endoscopy. It is worth mentioning that otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons are the medical specialties most exposed to contact with this virus due to their frequent manipulations of the upper airways and digestive tract, both in out- and inpatients. The recommendations below are especially valid for communities with a high prevalence of COVID-19: During the pandemic, the physicians should avoid conducting elective endoscopic examinations. They should make sure that the examination is absolutely necessary at the time and should not be postponed. The physician should wear PPE, such as gloves, long-sleeved aprons (preferably waterproof and disposable), goggles, and N-95, PFF2, or superior masks. If the physician has an assistant in the room, they should also be properly protected. Goggles are essential because it is known that conjunctival contamination is possible. The environment should be ventilated, allowing the dispersion of aerosols to the external environment. The physician should consider the use of vasoconstrictors and topical anesthetics to reduce the chance of coughing or sneezing, which can generate aerosols that remain in suspension longer than droplets. Despite the uncertain epidemiological role, the feasibility of aerosolized transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has recently been demonstrated. Physicians should change gloves after treating each patient and sanitize their hands with alcohol gel after the procedure. Endoscopy should, if possible, be performed using video-documentation to maintain distance from the patient. Avoid direct visualization using the eyepiece. The physician should avoid touching surfaces during the examination. The physician should avoid companions in the room unless strictly necessary. Material processing must follow the ABORL Operation Protocol ( https://www.aborlccf.org.br/imageBank/Manual-POP.pdf ) or high-level disinfection with immersion in disinfectant according to Resolution of the Collegiate Board of Directors (Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada, RDC, in Portuguese) No. 6, from March 1st, 2013. The physician should use 70% alcohol, sodium hypochlorite solution, or other disinfectant indicated for this purpose to clean the entire surface near the patient and on equipment and bottles that may possibly be contaminated (anesthetic or decongestant bottles, for example). 11 The most frequently reported signs and symptoms of patients admitted to the hospital include fever (77–98%), cough (46–82%), myalgia or fatigue (11–52%), and shortness of breath (3–31%) at the onset of the illness.. 12 13 14 15 Among 1,099 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, fever was present in 44% at hospital admission, and it developed in 89% during hospitalization. 16 Other less commonly reported respiratory symptoms include sore throat, headache, cough with sputum production, and/or hemoptysis. Some patients have experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea, prior to developing fever and lower respiratory tract signs and symptoms. The fever course among patients with COVID-19 is not fully understood; it may be prolonged and intermittent. A limited number of reports describe identification of asymptomatic or subclinical infection on the basis of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or live virus from throat swab specimens of contacts of confirmed patients. 17 18 There is already good evidence from South Korea, China, and Italy that significant numbers of patients with proven COVID-19 infection developed anosmia/hyposmia. In Germany, it is reported that more than two thirds of confirmed cases have anosmia. In South Korea, where testing has been more widespread, 30% of patients testing positive have had anosmia as their major presenting symptom in otherwise mild cases. 19 Future studies may certainly consolidate more clinical evidence of the presence of anosmia/hyposmia in the COVID-19 pandemic. In view of the aforementioned information, clinical evidence and common sense should prevail in decision making.

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International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology: 20 Years of Excellence!

Ricardo Bento (2017)

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology (IAO) celebrates the 20th anniversary of continued publication. Founded in 1997,1 the journal has been supported by the Otorhinolaryngology Foundation for the publication of experimental and clinical scientific articles in the fields of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, speech therapy, audiology, and related sciences. Founded at the beginning of the Internet age, it was the world's first electronic journal to be published in both printed and online versions.2 3 Because it seemed like a Science Fiction project at the time, many thought it would not succeed! The journal was originally conceived by Dr. Claudio Lazzarini, an otorhinolaryngologist at Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP. Since he was an enthusiast and pioneer in the field of computers, software, and this new means of communication “the Internet,” the journal was named @rquivos da Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. The “@” symbol replaced the letter “A” since it was available online. The journal originated in academia at the Universidade de São Paulo, thus, it was rooted in the scientific spirit. The publication is not intended to be used for commercial purposes, and publishing has always been funded by a nonprofit organization. I was awarded the privilege of being its first editor-in-chief, followed by Professor Tanit Ganz Sanchez (1999–2005),3 Marcelo Miguel Hueb (2006–2008),4 and Geraldo Pereira Jotz5 since 2009. Aline Bittencourt has been a co-editor since 2013. Excellence is sought in terms of original articles, systematic reviews, and case reports for publication in the journal; additionally, the content of these must contribute to the body of scientific knowledge in the field of otorhinolaryngology. In 2002, the journal was renamed @rquivos de Otorrinolaringologia.6 In 2003, Lilacs and Lilacs-Express—Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information7 indexed it, which was a first step toward internationalization. In 2004, the Latindex (i.e., Regional Cooperative Online Information System for Scholarly Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain, and Portugal) indexed the journal.8 In 2006, it was renamed @rquivos Internationais de Otorrinolaringologia.4 At the same time, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) indexed it,9 10 and it became an open and universal access journal (no subscription required), since science should be available for all. In the meantime, the Foundation for Science Research of Ribeirão Preto (FUNPEC-RP) also indexed it.11 In 2010, already fully internationalized, it was determined that articles appearing in the journal should be published in English only, following the global trend in which English was regarded as the lingua franca in science because it enabled broader visibility and impact. It was renamed International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) indexed it.12 In 2011, 2012, and 2013, Scopus,13 PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC),14 and Embase,15 respectively, indexed the journal, and it reached its pinnacle. Currently, the journal has reached a level of citations to be officially indexed by International Scientific Indexing (ISI), as it is about to achieve the h-index necessary for this action. Until 2013, H Máxima Editora edited the journal; since then, Thieme Medical Publishers, a leading international publisher,16 has performed this service. The journal is currently available online (open access) and in a printed version for subscribers. The data below show the importance of IAO over the past 20 years (Tables 1 and 2). Authors from over 30 countries have applied for publication (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Distribution of articles published by authors from 33 countries. Table 1 Publications history (1997–2016) Editions Number Volumes 20 Issues 80 Supplements 7 Documents 3,384 Table 2 History of published articles (1997–2016) Document type Documents Definition Article 874 Original research or opinion. However, case reports, technical and research notes and short communications are also considered to be articles. Review 150 Significant review of original research. Educational items that review specific issues within the literature are also considered to be reviews. Article in Press 40 Accepted article made available online before official publication. Editorial 71 Summary of several articles or provides editorial opinions or news. Erratum 1 Report of an error, correction or retraction of a previously published paper. Letter 1 Letter to or correspondence with the editor. Note 7 Note, discussion, or commentary. Conference meeting abstracts 2240 Proceedings can be published as serial or non-serial, and may contain either the full articles of the papers presented or only the abstracts. We are grateful for the collaboration of a highly skilled Editorial Review Board and Peer Review Board. Geraldo Jotz, the editor-in-chief, and Aline Bittencourt, the co-editor, perform their jobs exceptionally. Adilson Montefusco, our librarian, participates in journal publishing and publication support. Enjoy the IAO, an academic journal. Ricardo Ferreira Bento

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Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

Journal ID (doi): 10.1055/s-00025477

Title: International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

Publisher: Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. (Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil )

ISSN (Print): 1809-9777

ISSN (Electronic): 1809-4864

Publication date (Print): January 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 01 February 2021

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Pages: e1-e3

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

Author notes

Address for correspondence Ricardo Ferreira Bento, MD, PhD Departmento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 6° Andar, Sala 6.167, São Paulo, 05403-000Brazil rbento@ 123456gmail.com

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Ricardo Ferreira Bento http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3749-4684

Article

Publisher ID: v25n1ed

DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722895

PMC ID: 7850891

PubMed ID: 33391395

SO-VID: c5b82c9c-4ab1-4fca-8e3f-45030cbb3a5a

Copyright © Fundação Otorrinolaringologia. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

The International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology will turn 25 years in 2021!

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High Risk of COVID-19 Infection for Head and Neck Surgeons

Otorhinolaryngologists and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology: 20 Years of Excellence!

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