Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities

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Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology.

J M Koolhaas, S M Korte, S de Boer … (1999)

This paper summarizes the current views on coping styles as a useful concept in understanding individual adaptive capacity and vulnerability to stress-related disease. Studies in feral populations indicate the existence of a proactive and a reactive coping style. These coping styles seem to play a role in the population ecology of the species. Despite domestication, genetic selection and inbreeding, the same coping styles can, to some extent, also be observed in laboratory and farm animals. Coping styles are characterized by consistent behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics, some of which seem to be causally linked to each other. Evidence is accumulating that the two coping styles might explain a differential vulnerability to stress mediated disease due to the differential adaptive value of the two coping styles and the accompanying neuroendocrine differentiation.

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Fitness consequences of avian personalities in a fluctuating environment.

Niels J Dingemanse, Christiaan Both, Piet Drent … (2004)

Individual animals differ in the way they cope with challenges in their environment, comparable with variation in human personalities. The proximate basis of variation in personality traits has received considerable attention, and one general finding is that personality traits have a substantial genetic basis. This poses the question of how variation in personality is maintained in natural populations. We show that selection on a personality trait with high heritability fluctuates across years within a natural bird population. Annual adult survival was related to this personality trait (behaviour in novel environments) but the effects were always opposite for males and females, and reversed between years. The number of offspring surviving to breeding was also related to their parents' personalities, and again selection changed between years. The observed annual changes in selection pressures coincided with changes in environmental conditions (masting of beeches) that affect the competitive regimes of the birds. We expect that the observed fluctuations in environmental factors lead to fluctuations in competition for space and food, and these, in association with variations in population density, lead to a variation in selection pressure, which maintains genetic variation in personalities.

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Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment.

Theodore Stankowich, Daniel Blumstein (2005)

The amount of risk animals perceive in a given circumstance (i.e. their degree of 'fear') is a difficult motivational state to study. While many studies have used flight initiation distance as a proxy for fearfulness and examined the factors influencing the decision to flee, there is no general understanding of the relative importance of these factors. By identifying factors with large effect sizes, we can determine whether anti-predator strategies reduce fear, and we gain a unique perspective on the coevolution of predator and anti-predator behaviour. Based on an extensive review and formal meta-analysis, we found that predator traits that were associated with greater risk (speed, size, directness of approach), increased prey distance to refuge and experience with predators consistently amplified the perception of risk (in terms of flight initiation distance). While fish tolerated closer approach when in larger schools, other taxa had greater flight initiation distances when in larger groups. The presence of armoured and cryptic morphologies decreased perception of risk, but body temperature in lizards had no robust effect on flight initiation distance. We find that selection generally acts on prey to be sensitive to predator behaviour, as well as on prey to modify their behaviour and morphology.

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Journal

Title: Journal of Ornithology

Abbreviated Title: J Ornithol

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 0021-8375

ISSN (Electronic): 1439-0361

Publication date Created: December 2007

Publication date (Print): July 2007

Volume: 148

Issue: S2

Pages: 169-178

Article

DOI: 10.1007/s10336-007-0175-8

SO-VID: c60baa96-74ce-4d8a-83cd-5c5376e69cd5

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Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities

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Special series on Community Responses to Climate Change

Most cited references 51

Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology.

Fitness consequences of avian personalities in a fluctuating environment.

Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment.

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