Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
27
February
2019
Publication date Collection: 2019
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Electronic Location Identifier: e0211498
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University
of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
[2
]
Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Fiapre,
Sunyani, Ghana
[3
]
International Clinical Research Centre, Department of Global Health, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
[4
]
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, United States of America
[5
]
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United
States of America
University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, SOUTH AFRICA
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-18-26922
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211498
PMC ID: 6392218
PubMed ID: 30811407
SO-VID: c611c6f5-d87e-47b3-a838-25935747c659
Copyright © © 2019 Kuupiel et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences Research Scholarship.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Management Engineering
Subject:
Supply Chain Management
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Urine
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Urine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Urine
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Urine
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Urology
Subject:
Genitourinary Infections
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Bacterial Diseases
Subject:
Treponematoses
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Treponematoses
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
Ghana
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Diagnostic Medicine
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Blood Sugar
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Blood Sugar
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Blood Sugar
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Physiology
Subject:
Body Fluids
Subject:
Blood
Subject:
Blood Sugar
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Infectious diseases
Subject:
Viral diseases
Subject:
Hepatitis
Subject:
Hepatitis B
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Gastroenterology and hepatology
Subject:
Liver diseases
Subject:
Infectious hepatitis
Subject:
Hepatitis B