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      Sex and the Single Gametophyte: Revising the Homosporous Vascular Plant Life Cycle in Light of Contemporary Research

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          Evolutionary significance of polyploidy in the pteridophyta.

          Polyploidy occurs in the heterosporous and homosporous Pteridophyta, but with a much higher frequency in the latter. Ninety-six percent of the homosporous Pteridophyta show a gametic chromosome number greater than 27, whereas 90 percent of the heterosporous ones possess a gametic chromosome number less than 28. Ultrafrequent establishment of poly- ploidy in the homosporous Pteridophy- ta appears to be necessary to create and maintain genetic variation in the face of the homozygotizing effects of habitual self-fertilization in the monoe- cious gametophytes of these plants.
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            Ecological and evolutionary consequences of desiccation tolerance in tropical fern gametophytes.

            Ferns have radiated into the same diverse environments as spermatophytes, and have done so with an independent gametophyte that is not protected by the parent plant. The degree and extent of desiccation tolerance (DT) in the gametophytes of tropical fern species was assessed to understand mechanisms that have allowed ferns to radiate into a diversity of habitats. Species from several functional groups were subjected to a series of desiccation events, including varying degrees of intensity and multiple desiccation cycles. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence were used to assess recovery ability and compared with species ecology and gametophyte morphology. It is shown that vegetative DT (rare in vascular plants) is widely exhibited in fern gametophytes and the degree of tolerance is linked to species habitat preference. It is proposed that gametophyte morphology influences water-holding capacity, a novel mechanism that may help to explain how ferns have radiated into drought-prone habitats. Fern gametophytes have often been portrayed as extreme mesophytes with little tolerance for desiccation. The discovery of DT in gametophytes holds potential for improving our understanding of both the controls on fern species distribution and their evolution. It also advances a new system with which to study the evolution of DT in vascular plants.
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              Reproductive Biology of the Pteridophyta. III. A study of the Blechnaceae

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BioScience
                BioScience
                Oxford University Press (OUP)
                0006-3568
                1525-3244
                November 10 2016
                November 01 2016
                : 66
                : 11
                : 928-937
                Article
                10.1093/biosci/biw108
                c6a4e7ac-e319-4de1-8e8a-09b82041430b
                © 2016
                History

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