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      Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: Position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE

      1 , 2 , 3 , 2 , 4 , 1 , 5 , 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 3 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 1 , 7 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , Reviewers
      European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
      SAGE Publications

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          Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Task Force of the Working Group Myocardial and Pericardial Disease of the European Society of Cardiology and of the Scientific Council on Cardiomyopathies of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology.

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            Triggering of sudden death from cardiac causes by vigorous exertion.

            Retrospective and cross-sectional data suggest that vigorous exertion can trigger cardiac arrest or sudden death and that habitual exercise may diminish this risk. However, the role of physical activity in precipitating or preventing sudden death has not been assessed prospectively in a large number of subjects. We used a prospective, nested case-crossover design within the Physicians' Health Study to compare the risk of sudden death during and up to 30 minutes after an episode of vigorous exertion with that during periods of lighter exertion or none. We then evaluated whether habitual vigorous exercise modified the risk of sudden death that was associated with vigorous exertion. In addition, the relation of vigorous exercise to the overall risk of sudden death and nonsudden death from coronary heart disease was assessed. During 12 years of follow-up, 122 sudden deaths were confirmed among the 21,481 male physicians who were initially free of self-reported cardiovascular disease and who provided information on their habitual level of exercise at base line. The relative risk of-sudden death during and up to 30 minutes after vigorous exertion was 16.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 10.5 to 27.0; P<0.001). However, the absolute risk of sudden death during any particular episode of vigorous exertion was extremely low (1 sudden death per 1.51 million episodes of exertion). Habitual vigorous exercise attenuated the relative risk of sudden death that was associated with an episode of vigorous exertion (P value for trend=0.006). The base-line level of exercise was not associated with the overall risk of subsequent sudden death. These prospective data from a study of U.S. male physicians suggest that habitual vigorous exercise diminishes the risk of sudden death during vigorous exertion.
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              Racionalidade e métodos: registro da prática clínica em pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular

              FUNDAMENTO: Até o momento, nenhum registro brasileiro foi desenhado para documentar a prática clínica em relação ao atendimento de pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular em uma representativa e ampla amostra de centros investigadores, incluindo hospitais públicos e privados em âmbito nacional. Sendo assim, este estudo permitirá identificar os hiatos na incorporação de intervenções com benefício comprovado em nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Elaborar um registro dedicado à aferição da prática clínica brasileira no que se refere ao atendimento do paciente cardiovascular classificado como de alto risco. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional do tipo registro, prospectivo, visando documentar a prática clínica atual aplicada a nível ambulatorial para pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, classificados quando da presença de uma das variáveis: evidência de doença arterial coronariana, doença cerebrovascular, vascular periférica, em diabéticos ou não diabéticos; ou na presença de pelo menos três dos seguintes fatores de risco cardiovascular: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, tabagismo ativo, dislipidemia, idade superior a 70 anos, nefropatia crônica, história familiar de doença arterial coronariana e ou doença carotídea assintomática. Os pacientes serão coletados em 43 centros de todas as regiões brasileiras, incluindo hospitais públicos e privados, assim como em unidades básicas de atendimento a saúde, e revisados clinicamente até um ano após a inclusão. RESULTADOS: Os resultados serão apresentados um ano após o início da coleta (setembro de 2011), e consolidados, após a reunião da população e dos objetivos almejados posteriormente. CONCLUSÃO: A análise deste registro multicêntrico permitirá projetar uma perspectiva horizontal do tratamento dos pacientes acometidos da doença cardiovascular no Brasil.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                European Journal of Preventive Cardiology
                Eur J Prev Cardiolog
                SAGE Publications
                2047-4873
                2047-4881
                January 2017
                November 04 2016
                January 2017
                : 24
                : 1
                : 41-69
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
                [2 ]Institute of Sport Medicine and Science, Rome, Italy
                [3 ]St George’s Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
                [4 ]Inst of Neuroscience and Physiology and Food, Nutrition and Sport Science and Östra University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
                [5 ]Hopital Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
                [6 ]Heart Center Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
                [7 ]Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
                [8 ]Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
                [9 ]The Heart Hospital, University College London, London, UK
                [10 ]IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
                [11 ]Instituto do Coração (InCor) do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
                [12 ]Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
                [13 ]University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
                [14 ]Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
                [15 ]Aspetar – Sports Medicine Department, Doha, Qatar
                [16 ]University of Padova, Padova, Italy
                [17 ]University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
                [18 ]Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
                [19 ]University Hospital in Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
                [20 ]Semmelweis University, Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
                [21 ]University of Leipzig, Heartcenter, Leipzig, Germany
                [22 ]Unidad De Arritmias, Servicio De Cardiologia, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
                [23 ]University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
                [24 ]Cardiology Department, Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India
                [25 ]Departamento de Electrocardiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Tlalpan, Mexico
                [26 ]Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA
                [27 ]University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
                [28 ]University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
                [29 ]IRCCS Rehabilitation Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Veruno, Italy
                [30 ]Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
                [31 ]Studio Medico Sportivo, Pesaro, Italy
                [32 ]Sports Medicine, Prevention & Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
                [33 ]Polichirurgico Hospital G. Da Saliceto, Romagna, Italy
                Article
                10.1177/2047487316676042
                27815537
                c74f5f16-55d5-4d53-ad78-4787ae94af16
                © 2017

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